Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
pure motor or sensory stroke, dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome, ataxic hemiparesis
|
lacunar stroke
|
|
|
aphasia, neglect, contralateral hemiparesis, gaze preference, homonymous hemianopsia
|
MCA stroke
|
|
|
leg paresis, amnesi, personality chnges, foot drop, gait dysfunction, cognitive changes
|
anterior cerebral artery stroke
|
|
|
homonymous hemianopsia, memory deficits, dyslexia/alexia
|
posterior cerebral artery stroke
|
|
|
coma, locked in syndrome, CN palsies, apnea, visual sx, drop attacks, dysphagia
|
basilar artery stroke
|
|
|
drug to prevent vasospasm post-stroke
|
calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
crescent shaped, concave hyperdensity that doesn't cross midline
|
subdural hematoma
|
|
|
rupture of bridging veins
|
subdural hematoma
|
|
|
lucid interval, then blown pupil
|
epidural hematoma
|
|
|
most frequent cause of epidural hematoma
|
lateral skull fracture, which leads to rupture of middle meningeal artery
|
|
|
lens-shaped, convex hyperdensity
|
epidural hematoma
|
|
|
motor, sensory, autonomic, or psychic features wtihout alteration of consciousness
|
smimple partial seizures
|
|
|
what area of the brain do complex partial seizures typically involve?
|
temporal lobes
|
|
|
automatisms, auditory or visual hallucinations, impaired consciousness
|
complex partial seizures
|
|
|
first line anticonvulsant in kids
|
phenobarbitol
|
|
|
Rx for status epilepticus
|
IV benzodiazepine plus loading dose of phenytoin
|
|
|
treatment for infantile spasms
|
ACTH, prednisone, clonazepam or valproic acid
|
|
|
tonic, bilateral symetric head jerks in clusters
|
infantile spasms (west syndrome)
|
|
|
Dix-Hallpike maneuver
|
sitting to supine while quickly turning head causes vertigo/nystagmus
|
|
|
risk factor for lambert eaton syndrome
|
small cell lung CA
|
|
|
first-line Rx for alzheimer's
|
cholinesterase inhibitors
|
|
|
first-line treatment for early parkinson's
|
bromocriptine
|
|
|
mainstays of parkinson's therapy
|
levodopa/carbidopa
|
|
|
classic MS triad
|
scanning speech, intranuclear ophthalmoplegia, and nystagmus
|
|
|
multiple, asymmetric, periventricular white matter lesions, especially in corpus callosum
|
MS
|
|
|
CSF findings in MS
|
mononuclear pleocytosis, increased IgG, oligoclonal bands
|
|
|
Rx for MS
|
steroids in acute exacerbations, avonex, betaseron, copaxone
|
|
|
infections associated with GBS
|
campylobacter, viral infection, influenza vaccine
|
|
|
first line treatments for GBS
|
plasmapheresis and IVIG
|
|
|
CSF protein >55
|
GBS
|
|
|
widespread denervation and fibrillation potentials on EMG
|
ALS
|
|
|
cause of foot drop
|
L5 radiculopathy
|
|
|
asymmetric motor and sensory neuropathy involving >2 areas
|
mononeuritis multiplex
|
|
|
low back pain, bowel/bladder dysfunction, saddle anesthesia, sciatica, lower ext sensory/motor loss; poor rectal tone, increased PVR
|
cauda equina syndrome
|
|
|
hyperdense area on CT
|
hemorrhage
|
|
|
hypodense area on CT
|
infarct
|
|
|
causes of mononeuritis multiplex
|
DM, lyme, sarcoid, PAN, HIV, acute HAV
|
|
|
Rx for parkinson's seconndary to MPTP exposure
|
amantadine
|
|
|
Rx for parkinson's in younger pt with tremor as predominant symptom
|
benztropine
|
|
|
fronto-temporal dementia
|
pick's disease
|
|
|
sharp, triphasic synchronous discharges on EEG
|
creutzfelt Jakob (prion)
|
|
|
fluctuating cognitive impairment, parkinsons, and bizarre visual hallucinations
|
lewy body dementia
|
|
|
cause of hemi-neglect
|
non-dominant parietal lobe
|
|
|
pathophys of lambert-eaton
|
antibodies vs. presynaptic calcium channels
|
|
|
Rx for ALS
|
riluzole (glutamate inhibitor)
|
|
|
Rx for anticholinergic excess
|
trihexyphenidyl
|
|
|
diagnostic test in young pts with TIA
|
transthoracic echo
|
|
|
hypopituitarism, headaches, bitemporal blindness
|
craniopharyngioma
|
|
|
CN responsible for corneal sensation
|
V1
|
|
|
uncontrolled systemic HTN and focal neuro signs
|
basal ganglia hemorrhage
|
|
|
brain tumor with butterfly appearance and central necrosis
|
GBM
|
|
|
electrolyte disturbance associated with SAH
|
hyponatremia
|
|
|
waterhouse-friderichson syndrome
|
acute adrenal insufficiency associated with meningococcal meningitis
|
|
|
what does damage to lateral spinothalamic tract cause?
|
loss of pain/temp sensation beginning at 2 levels below lesion
|
|
|
what causes nerve conduction velocity to be slowed?
|
demyelination
|
|
|
what causes EMG to show fasciculations or fibrillations?
|
lower motor neuron lesion
|
|
|
where is broca's area
|
dominant frontal lobe
|
|
|
where is wernicke's area
|
dominant temporal lobe
|
|
|
area of brain: memory impairment, hyperaggression, hypersexuality
|
temporal lobes
|
|
|
area: inability to read, write, name or do math
|
dominant parietal lobe
|
|
|
area: ignoring one side of body, trouble with dressing
|
nondominant parietal lobe
|
|
|
what can cause pseudotumor cerebrii?
|
large doses of vitamin A, tetracyclines, and withdrawal from corticosteroids
|
|
|
what is Kallman's syndrome?
|
anosmia plus hypogonadism due to GnRH deficiency
|
|
|
what lesion can cause bitemporal hemianopsia?
|
optic chiasm lesion, usually due to pituitary tumor
|
|
|
what lesion causes left homonymous hemianopsia with macular sparing?
|
right occipital lobe
|
|
|
unilateral shooting pains in face in older adults, often triggered by activity
|
trigeminal neuralgia
|
|
|
treatment of parkinsonian sx in patient on antipsychotics
|
anticholinergics, eg. benztropine, trihexyphenidyl or antihistamines (diphenhydramine)
|
|
|
drug that can cause MG-like sx in high doses
|
aminoglycosides
|
|
|
what should you check to look at respiratory status in pt with GBS
|
vital capacity
|
|
|
intense retroorbital pain
|
cluster headache
|
|
|
treatment for cluster headache
|
100% O2 and sumatriptan
|
|
|
CSF with increased leuks, RBCs, and protein and normal glucose
|
HSV meningitis
|
|
|
Rx for HSV meningitis
|
IV acyclovir
|
|
|
EBV DNA in CNS
|
CNS lymphoma
|
|
|
what does pronator drift signify?
|
UMN disease
|
|
|
lower limb> upper limb weakness in stroke
|
anterior communicating artery
|
