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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is labyrinthitis?
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Acute onset of vertigo, head-motion intolerance, and gait unsteadiness accompanied by n/v and nystagmus with auditory symptoms of tinnitus, ear fullness, or hearing loss.
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What is vestibular neuritis?
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Acute onset of severe vertigo, head-motion intolerance, and gait unsteadiness accompanied by n/v and nystagmus WITHOUT auditory symptoms (differentiates it from labyrinthitis)
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What stroke mimics labyrinthitis?
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lateral pontine/cerebellar (AICA)
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What stroke mimics vestibular neuritis?
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Lateral medullary/cerebellar (PICA)
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What is the treatment for vestibular neuritis or labyrinthitis?
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Steroids given < 72 hours from symptom onset and vestibular sedatives (meclizine)
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What is a vestibular migraine?
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Similar to meniere's (recurrent vertigo) but no auditory symptoms
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What can you give for Lambert Eaton syndrome?
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3,4-diaminopyridine or guanidine; if no neoplasm is found you can give steroids or azathioprine for immunosuppression
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What is Charcot's triad for MS?
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Scanning speech, INO, nystagmus
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How can cervical spondylosis with compressive myelopathy be ruled out of the differential for ALS?
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Bulbar involvement- tongue (CN XII) or oropharyngeal muscles (IX, X).
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What conditions are associated with tuberous sclerosis?
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Sebaceous adenomas, ash-leaf and shagreen patches, mulberry tumors (nerve in retina), phakoma (round, fat, gray lesions in retina), cardiac rhabdomyoma, renal hamartoma or angiomyolipoma, infantile spasms
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What stroke causes aphasia?
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MCA (superior for Broca's and inferior/posterior for Wernicke's)
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What must be present for someone to be brain dead?
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No sleep-wake cycles, no voluntary motor ability, and no respiratory drive
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What's the difference between coma and persistent vegetative state?
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In PVS the patient shows wakefulness without awareness and his eyes are open
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How does central retinal artery occlusion present?
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Painless, sudden unilateral blindness. The pupil reacts to a near stimulus but sluggishly reactive to direct light. Cherry-red spot in fovea. Tx with intra-arterial thombolysis within 8 hours
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How does central retinal vein occlusion present?
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Rapid, painless vision loss of variable severity and associated with HTN. Swollen optic disk with hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, and edema is seen on fundoscopy. Tx with PTC
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