Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Bell's Palsy |
Cause: Herpes virus activation, trauma, toxins S/S: unilateral facial weakness from CN VII. R>L. Occurs progressively. Weakness peaks in 21 days and takes 6 months to recover. DX: clinical, nerve conduction studies, EMG done if prolonged. TX: none, resolves spontaneously. Prednisone may increase recovery. Pain with palsy indicates poorer prognosis. |
|
|
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy |
WHAT: MC type in western hemi. Caused by vascular insufficiency or nerve infarction S/S: LE numbness, pian, dyesthesias (burning), or paresthesias. DX: serial nerve conduction studies TX: tight control of DM, compression stockings. For pain - gabapentin, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, and pregabalin. |
|
|
Seizures |
-Status epilepticus: lasts longer than 5 min. - convulsion seizures have postdictal obtundation. -Simple Partial seizures - do not have impairment of consciousness and has isolated limb/entire side of body (Jacksonian March). - Complex partial - have aura with impaired consciousness -DX: EEG, CBC, glucose, BMP, calcium, mag, liver, and renal function tests. Consider syphilis. Brain MRI should be done. Lumbar puncture if suspect infection. -TX: correction of electrolytes. NO tx if one single incident. Carbamazepine, phenytoin, and vlaproic acid. Felbamate if unreponsive to other meds. Valproid acid for absence seizures. Status epilepticus = emergency - maintain airway, cooling blanket, IV Diazepam or lorazepam with phenytoin. |
|
|
Headaches |
-Tension - MC and band like pain around head that is not pulsatile and typically bilateral. NSAIDS, ASA, or acetaminophen is 1st line. - Migraine - unilateral throbbing caused by intracranial vasospasm and extracranial vasodilation. Commonly has aura, flashing lights, N/V, photophobia. TX Caffeine + ASA, acetaminophen, NSAID, triptan or isometheptene. Prevention via botox or b-blocker, ca channel blockers, antidepressants, valproic acid. -Cluster headache - severe unilateral and occur several times a day for wks/months. TX is 100% O2 or IM sumatriptan. prophylactic verapamil. |
|
|
Multiple Sclerosis |
WHAT: inflammation and demylination of white matter. S/S: relapsing -remitting or progressive course in 18-45 y/o F>M. Focal weakness, numbing, BLINDNESS, blurry vision, diplopia, urinary symptoms, SENSORY COMPLAINTS IN LIMBS DX: MRI WITH GADOLINIUM TO SEE WHITE MATTER LESIONS, CSF - protein and IgG, oligoclonal bands TX: corticosteroids (high dose IV if optic neuritis), plasma exchange, Interferon B decreases freq of relapses. |
|
|
Alzheimer Dz |
WHAT: MC chronic dementia and closely assoc with age. Neurofibrillary tangles and neuritic plaques. DX: CBC, heavy meteal screens, serum electrolytes, calcium glucose, thyroid, B12, renal and liver test, drug and ETOH levels should be checked. MRI or CT to find if treatable cause. TX: Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors (tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, or rivastigmine) + Memantine (NMDA receptor antagonist) |
|
|
Parkinson's Dz |
WHAT: degeneration of cells in substantia Nigra causing dec in dopamine. S/S: slowed movement, difficulty arising from seated position, trouble dressing, difficulty with handwriting. RESTING TREMOR (pill rolling) but spares the head, BRADYKINESIA, RIGIDITY (cogwheel), AND POSTURAL INSTABILITY, slow shuffling gait, masklike facies TX: anticholinergic drugs (amantadine, benztropine, trihexyphenidyl) +levodopa +carbidopa (lessens side effects). Bromocriptine if pt becomes resistant to above. Selegiline may slow down dz |
|
|
Huntington Dz |
WHAT: inherited autosomal dominant from short arm of chrom 4. S/S start in 30's, and unfortunately already have kids. S/S: progressive chorea and dementia and fatal within 15-20 yrs. DX: CT - atrophy of caudate nucleus. TX: phenothizines to control dyskinesia and haloperidol or clozapine to control behavior. |
|
|
Essential Tremor |
S/S: usually of extremities and speech can be affected. TX: low dose b-blocker (propranolol) |
|
|
Bacterial Meningitis |
WHAT: inc. intracranial pressure. MC = strep pneumoniae, N. meningitidis, and group B strep (infants). S/S: Acute onset AMS, fever, HA, vomiting, stiff neck, petechial rash (esp if N. Meningitidis). +Kernig and Brudzinski signs DX: CT 1st to r/o lesion! then lumbar puncture - purulent, inc. opening pressure, inc wbc (neutrophils) , protein conc. 100-500, glucose < 40 . Gram stain and culture TX: ATB immediately! ampicillin + cefotaxime- neonates/infants. Kids cefotaxime or ceftriaxone + vanco. Adults - cefotaxime+ ampicillin OR ceftriazone +vanco. REPEAT LP to assess tx- should see dec. of wbc within 3 days. |
|
|
Viral Meningitis |
Cause: childhood exanthems, arthropod-borne agents, and HSV 1. S/S: acute confusion, rashes, organomegaly, diarrhea, DX: CT then LP -OPENING P IS NORMAL, inc lymphocytes/monocytes TX: NO tx. If herpes - give acyclovir |
