Neurological Exams

Front 1

Sensory adaptation

Back 1

is the process by which our brain cells become less sensitive to constant stimuli that are picked up by our senses.

Front 2

Presbyopia

Back 2

A gradual, age-related loss of the eyes' ability to focus actively on nearby objects.

Front 3

Hearing acuity

Back 3

The clarity or clearness ofhearing, a measure of how well a person hears.

Front 4

Near point accommodation

Back 4

is the pointclosest to the eye at which a target is sharply focused on the retina.

Front 5

Visual acuity

Back 5

Clarity of vision.

Front 6

Emmetropia

Back 6

is a state in which the eye is relaxed and focused on an object more than 6 meters or 20 feet away.

Front 7

Myopia

Back 7

A condition in which close objects appear clearly, but far ones don't.

Front 8

Hyperopia

Back 8

A condition in which close objects appear blurry.

Front 9

Astigmatism

Back 9

A common imperfection in the eye's curvature.

Front 10

Conductive hearing loss

Back 10

Hearing loss that inteferes with the way sound waves move through the eardrum or middle ear

Front 11

Sensorineural hearing loss

Back 11

Hearing loss caused by damage to the inner ear or the nerve from the ear to the brain.

Front 12

Causes of conductive hearing loss

Back 12

Major causes are ear infections or conditions that block the eustachian tube, such as allergies or tumors.

Front 13

Causes of sensorineural hearing loss

Back 13

Disease infections like measles, meningitis, and mumps.

Front 14

Superior oblique (IV)

Back 14

Intorsion and depression in adduction

Front 15

Inferior oblique (III)

Back 15

Excyclotorsion and elevation in adduction.

Front 16

Superior rectus (III)

Back 16

Elevation

Front 17

Lateral rectus (VI)

Back 17

Abduction

Front 18

Inferior rectus (III)

Back 18

Depression

Front 19

Medial rectus (III)

Back 19

Adduction

Front 20

Reflex

Back 20

The simplest circuits within the somatic nervous system

Front 21

Reflex Arc

Back 21

the nerve pathway involved in a reflex action including at its simplest a sensory nerve and a motor nerve with a synapse between.

Front 22

Stimulus

Back 22

a thing or event that evokes a specific functional reaction in an organ or tissue.

Front 23

Receptor

Back 23

a region of tissue, or a molecule in a cell membrane, that responds specifically to a particular neurotransmitter, hormone, antigen, or other substance.

Front 24

Motor (efferent) neuron

Back 24

The motor neuron is present in the grey matter of the spinal cord and medulla oblongata, and forms an electrochemical pathway to the effector organ or muscle.

Front 25

Sensory (afferent) neuron

Back 25

sensory neurons that carry nerve impulses from sensory stimuli towards the central nervous system and brain,

Front 26

Effector

Back 26

an organ or cell that acts in response to a stimulus.

Front 27

Interneuron

Back 27

a neuron that transmits impulses between other neurons, especially as part of a reflex arc.

Front 28

Somatic reflex

Back 28

affecting muscles).

Front 29

Autonomic reflex

Back 29

affecting inner organs)

Front 30

Polysynaptic reflex

Back 30

involve two to several synapses involving one or more interneurons

Front 31

Monosynaptic reflexes

Back 31

involve only one central synapse in the spinal cord grey matter, between the afferent and the efferent neurons.

Front 32

Postganglionic neuron

Back 32

lies outside the central nervous system in collections of nerve cells called autonomic ganglia.

Front 33

Preganglionic neuron

Back 33

neurons, originates in the brainstem or the spinal cord, and the second set, called ganglion cells

Front 34

Ipsilateral response

Back 34

When the pupillary response is observed in the eye where light has been shone directly,

Front 35

Contralateral response

Back 35

When the light is shone in one eye, and the response is observed in the other, this is called the contralateral response.

Front 36

Consensual response

Back 36

is any reflex observed on one side of the body when the other side has been stimulated.