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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CN 1- Olfactory
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Check nasal patency and sense of smell (use 2 different scents)
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CN 2 - Optic Nerve
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Visual Acuity (OD,OS,OU) with correction if needed (Rosenbaum).
Visual Field Screening by confrontation Inspect Optic Fundi |
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CN 2, 3 - Optic Nerve, Oculomotor
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Size/Shape of pupil and reaction to light (direct and consensual)
Near reaction |
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CN 3, 4, 6 - Oculomotor, Trochlear, Abducens
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Extraocular movements
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CN 5- Trigeminal
(Special Test) |
Motor: Temporal and Masseter
Sensory: light touch sensation on forehead, cheeks and jaw Corneal reflex |
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CN 7- Facial
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Raise eyebrows
frown close eyes show teeth smile puff cheeks |
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CN 8 - Acoustic (Vestibulocochlear)
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Assess hearing
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CN 9, 10 - Glossopharyngeal, Vagal
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Voice quality
Movement of soft palate Gag Reflex |
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CN 11 - Spinal Accessory
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Shrug shoulders
Turn head |
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CN 12 - Hypoglossal
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Fasciculations
Symmetry Deviation Movement & Strength of Tongue |
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COORDINATION:
What are the 4 major steps? |
Upper extremity
Lower extremity Gait Stance |
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Coordination: Upper Extremity
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Rapid alternating movements
Point-to-point movements |
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Coordination: Lower Extremity
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Rapid alternating movements
Point-to-point movements |
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Coordination: Gait
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Walk across room, tandem walk
Walk on toes/heels Hop in place or shallow knee bend |
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Coordination: Stance
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Romberg & Pronator drift
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MOTOR SYSTEM:
What are the first 4 steps? |
1. Observe body position during movement and at rest
2. Note any tremors/tics/fasciculations 3. Inspect muscle size/contour, noting symmetry and atrophy 4. Assess muscle tone, look for resistance to passive stretch upper extremities/lower extremities |
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Motor System:
Muscle strength testing - Upper Extremity |
1. Elbow flexion and extension
2. Wrist extension 3. Grip strength 4. Finger abduction 5. Opposition of thumb |
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Motor System:
Muscle strength testing - Lower Extremity |
1. Hip flexion and extension
2. Hip abduction and adduction 3. Knee flexion and extension 4. Ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion |
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SENSORY SYSTEM:
How do you test? What are the 3 steps? |
Test for pain (sharp or dull) or light touch
1. Vary the pace of testing and test areas randomly 2. Compare distal with proximal areas of the extremities 3. Compare symmetric areas on both sides of the body |
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Sensory System:
Special Tests |
Temperature
Proprioception (position) Vibration Discriminative Sensations |
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Sensory System:
Special Tests: What are the 5 types of discriminative sensations? |
1. Stereognosis
2. Graphesthesia 3. Two-Point discrimination 4. Point localization 5. Extinction |
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DEEP TENDON REFLEXES:
What are the 2 areas you analyze? |
1. Upper Extremity
2. Lower Extremity |
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Deep Tendon Reflexes:
Upper Extremity |
1. Biceps
2. Triceps 3. Brachioradialis |
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Deep Tendon Reflexes:
Lower Extremity |
1. Knee jerk
2. Ankle jerk |
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Cutaneous Stimulation Reflexes:
Special Tests |
1. Abdominal
2. Plantar |
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Special Techniques
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1. Meningeal Signs
A. Brudzinski's Sign B. Kernig's Sign 2. Straight-Leg Raise 3. Asterixis 4. Winging of Scapula |
