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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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CNS - What are the parts of the CNS?
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Motor and sensory
Cortical, subcortical, brainstem, cord |
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CNS Motor are located in the
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Descending
Precentral gyrus, internal capsule, circuite with basal ganglia, thalamus, cerebellum, brainstem, decussate at medulla, anterior horn |
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CNS Sensory are located in
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Ascending
Spinothalmic and dorsal column, medial lemniscal, thalamus, postcentral gyrus and cerebellum |
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PNS - What are the parts fo the PNS?
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Motor and sensory
Ventral and dorsal roots Peripheral nerves |
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Peripheral Nerves carry impulses to
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Carry impulses to and from the spinal cord
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Upper Motor Neuron
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Descending pathways from cortex to brainstem (corticobulbular tract, cortex to spinal cord (coticospinal tract)
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Corticobulbular tract are located in the
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Cortex to brainstem
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Corticospinal tract are located in the
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Brainstem to spinal cord
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Upper motor neurons orginate and terminate where?
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Originate and teminate within the central nervous system
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Upper motor neurons located
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The descending pathway from the brain to the spinal cord
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Upper motor neurons influence
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Influence and modify spinal reflex arc
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Lower motor neuron originate and terminate where?
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Originate in anterior horn of spinal cord and terminate in muscle fibers
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What are cranial nerves?
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Lower motor neurons
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What are the parts of basic comprehensive exam?
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Mental status
Cranial status Motor nerves Sensory system Reflexes Cerebellum (hemisphere versus vermis) Gait |
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Mental state relates to what of a patient?
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Mood and thought of a patient
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What does the mental status exam attempt to distinguish?
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Focal neurological deficits
Diffuse neurological deficits Primary psychiatric illness (depression, anxiety, etc.) Psychiatric illness secondary to or associated with the neurological disease |
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The extent of the mental state testing will depend on what?
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Depend on patient problem.
Some patients will require simple assessment |
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What are some mental status exam basics?
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Appearance and behavior
Speech and language Affect Mood (SIGECAPS) Thought content Thought processes Perceptual disturbances Insight and judgement Congnitive function (at least MMSE) |
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Appearance and behavior?
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Watch patient while you take history.
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Appearance and behavior -What do signs of self neglect imply?
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depression, dementia, alcoholism, drug abuse
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Does the patient appear depressed?
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Furrowed brow, immobile, downcast facies, slow monotonous speech
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Does patient behave appropriately?
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Over familiar and disinhibited or aggressive
Unresposinve, with emotional response |
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Unresponsive with emotional response
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flat affect
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Over familiar, disinhibited, and aggressive
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Frontalism
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Does the patient's mood change rapidly?
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Crying and laughing easily
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Crying and laughing easily
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emotional lability
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Does patient show appropriate concern about his symptoms and disability?
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Lack of concern in face for significant disability
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Lack of concern in face for signficant disability
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Bell indifference - consider hysterical disease (conversion disorder)
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Level of consciousness
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Alert, confused,lethargy
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Alert
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speak in normal tone of voice to patient, patient opens eyes, looks at you, responds appropriately
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