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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Definition MS: |
Demyelinization of the sheath surrounding neurons rewsulting in plaque formation and neurological effects
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Diagnosis MS:
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2+ episodes of neurological symptoms that are not attributed to another cause and occur at least 3 months apart.
MRI may be used to identify lesions |
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S/S: Early MS
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Weakness/numbness of limbs and visual disturbances
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S/S: Relapsing-remitting MS
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Most common
Frequent symptoms of 24 hour duration Periods of remission of at least 30 days |
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S/S: Primary progressive MS
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Persistently progressive disease-no remission periods (Poor prognosis)
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S/S: Secondary Progressive MS
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Few exacerbations
No permanent disability Gradual worsening Not as debilitating of primary progressive |
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Goals: MS Therapy
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Acute exacerbation treatment
Retarding the disease process Alleviating ongoing symptoms |
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MS Acute exacerbation treatment of choice:
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IV corticosteroids (methylprednisolone)
Oral prednisone may be considered, but is not as effective |
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MS Continuing treatment first line therapy:
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Avonex
Rebif Betaseron Copaxone Use ONE DMD at a time |
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MS Continuing treatment 2nd line therapy:
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Natalizumab (Tysabri)
Switch to if patient does not respond to first line therapy |
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MS treatment for worsening relapsing-remitting and progressive MS
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Mitoxantrone (Novantrone)
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Interferon B1a: Brand
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Avonex (IM)
Rebif (SQ) |
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Interferon B1b: Brand
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Betaseron (SQ)
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Don't use Interferon B1 if...
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Severe Depression
Hypersensitivity |
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Side Effects: Interferon B1
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Influenza like symptoms
Injection site reactions Mild Anemia Thrombocytopenia Liver damage Depression Decreased vaccination efficacy Body may produce antibodies to drug (less efficacious) |
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Brand: Glatiramer
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Copaxone (SQ)
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Side effects: Copaxone
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Injection site reactions
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Brand: Natalizumab
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Tysabri (IV infusion every 4 weeks) (Refrigerate all MS agents)
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Natalizumab: side effects
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Potentially FATAL PML
Medication only available through the TOUCH program |
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Mitoxantrone: side effects
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Black box warning for cardiac risks: Frequent LVEF monitoring necessary
Possible leukopenia (check CBC periodically) |
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Epilepsy: Definition
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The symptom presenting from disturbed electrical activity in the brain
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Partial Seizure: Description
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Begin in one hemisphere of the brain and result in asymmetrical symptoms
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Simple partial seizure:
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No impairment of consciousness
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Complex partial seizure:
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Impairment of consciousness
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Secondarily generalized seizures:
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Start partial and evolve into gradualized
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Generalized seizures:
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Bilateral/symmetrical seizures including:
Absence (stare into space) Myoclonic (brief involuntary twitching and contraction) Clonic (series of violent confused motion) Tonic Tonic-clonic (affect entire brain) Atonic (loss in muscle tone-sudden falling) Infantile |
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First line AED: Partial seizures
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Carbamazepine
Phenytoin Lamotrigine Valproic Acid Oxcarbazepine |
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First line AED: Generalized absence
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Valproic Acid
Ethosuximide |
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First line AED: Tonic-clonic
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Phenytoin
Carbamazepine Valproic Acid |
