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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
parts of CNS
|
brain
spinal cord |
|
parts of PNS
(peripheral nervous system) |
cranial nerves
spinal nerves |
|
carry impulses to CNS
|
afferent pathways
ascending pathways |
|
transmit impulses away from CNS
|
efferent pathways
descending pathways |
|
innervated by efferent pathways
|
effector organs
|
|
example effector organs
|
skeletal muscle
cardiac muscle smooth muscle glands |
|
divisions of PNS
(peripheral nervous system) |
somatic
autonomic |
|
regulated by somatic nerves
|
voluntary muscles
|
|
regulates body's internal environment
(glands, involuntary muscles) |
autonomic nervous system (ANS)
|
|
divisions of ANS
(autonomic nervous system) |
sympathetic
parasympathetic |
|
primary cell of nervous system
|
neuron
|
|
provide support and nutrition for neurons
in CNS |
neuroglial cells
|
|
provide support and nutrition for neurons
in PNS |
Schwann cells
|
|
neuroglial and Schwann cell functions
|
support, nutrition
incr. speed of impulses role in memory |
|
required for glucose uptake outside CNS, not in CNS
|
insulin
|
|
Nissl substances
|
endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes
in the neurons |
|
type of neurons that continue to divide throughout life
|
olfactory
|
|
location of most cell bodies
|
CNS
|
|
name for packed cell bodies in CNS
|
nuclei
|
|
groups of cell bodies in PNS
|
ganglia
plexuses |
|
receptive portion of neuron, receives and continues conduction of impulse
|
dendritic zone
|
|
carry nerve impulses away from the cell body
|
axon
|
|
cone-shaped, Nissl-free area of axon
where it leaves cell body |
axon hillock
|
|
insulating lipid covering of axon, incr. conduction rate
|
myelin
|
|
interruptions in neurilemma and myelin sheath, site of axon branching
|
nodes of Ranvier
|
|
forms and maintains myelin sheath
|
Schwann cells
|
|
conduction if tightly wrapped myelin (myelinated neuron), ions flow between segments instead of along length
|
saltatory conduction
|
|
larger axons conduct impulses (faster, slower)
|
faster
|
|
four neuron configurations based on
projections from cell body |
unipolar - one, early branching (retina)
pseudounipolar - axon into CNS, dendrites away from CNS (sensory) bipolar - two (to rods/cones) multipolar - multi (motor) |
|
three functional types of neurons
|
sensory (afferent, pseudounipolar)
motor (efferent, multipolar) associational (btwn neurons, multipolar) |
|
transmit impulses from
CNS to effector organ |
motor neuron
|
|
transmit impulse from
sensory to motor neuron |
associational neurons
(interneurons) |
|
sensory receptor for pain
|
nicoceptor
|
|
sensory receptor for body position
|
proprioceptor
|
|
neuroglia that fill spaces between
neurons and blood vessels in CNS |
astrocytes
|
|
deposit myelin in CNS
|
oligodendroglia
(oligodendrocytes) |
|
remove debris in CNS
|
microglia
|
|
if this is intact, damaged motor axon
can regrow to distal connection |
neurilemma
|
|
if membrane potential change is insufficient, no action potential is generated: an ___ ___ ___ response
|
all-or-none response
|
|
region between adjacent neurons
|
synapse
synaptic cleft |
|
four types of synaptic connections
|
axoaxonic (btwn axons)
axosomatic (axon to cell body) axodendritic (axon to dendrite) dendrodendritic (dendrite to dendrite) |
|
transmission across synapse is through _________ and moves in _____ direction(s)
|
neurotransmitter chemicals
one |
|
where neurotransmitters are formed
|
synaptic boutons
|
|
consequences of neurotransmitter binding
|
excitation (EPSPs)
inhibition (IPSPs) |
|
effects of successive impulses received at same synapse
|
temporal summation
|
|
combined effects of impulses a single neuron transmits to different synapses at the same time
|
spatial summation
|
|
effect of EPSPs on membrane potential
|
facilitation
|
|
sites of acetylcholine neurotransmission
|
ANS synapses
brain spinal cord skeletal muscle |
|
sites of norepinephrine neurotransmission
|
sympathetic ANS synapses
brain spinal cord |
|
sites of serotonin neurotransmission
|
brain
spinal cord |
|
sites of dopamine neurotransmission
|
ANS synapses
brain |
|
sites of substance P neurotransmission
|
nicoceptors
brain spinal cord GI tract |