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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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three major divisions of the brain
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forebrain
midbrain hindbrain |
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divisions of forebrain (prosencephalon)
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telencephalon
diencephalon |
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divisions of midbrain (mesencephalon)
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corpora quadrigemina
tegmentum cerebral peduncles |
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divisions of hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
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cerebellum
pons medulla oblongata |
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divisions of brain stem
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midbrain
pons medulla oblongata |
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parts of brain not included in brain stem
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cerebellum, cerebrum
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reticular activating system of brain stem is critical for __________
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consciousness
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divisions of telencephalon
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cerebrum (incl. cerebral cortex)
basal ganglia |
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contains cell bodies and dendrites, gray matter
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cerebral cortex
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makes up white matter of cerebrum
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myelinated nerve fibers
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goal-oriented behavior, concentration, recall, inhibition of emotions
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prefrontal area
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efferent pathways outside the pyramids of the medulla oblongata
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extrapyradmidal system
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primary voluntary motor area, site of motor homunculus
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precentral gyrus (gyrus = convolution)
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cerebral impulses control function in the opposite side of the body
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contralateral control
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area for motor aspects of speech
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Broca's area
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area for somatic sensory input
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parietal lobe
postcentral gyrus |
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area of primary visual cortex, receives input from retinas
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occipital lobe
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contains primary auditory cortex, Wernicke's area, long-term memory, balance, taste, smell
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temporal lobes
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connects the cerebral hemispheres
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corpus callosum
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major cerebral nuclei (gray matter)
are called _____ ganglia |
basal
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primitive behavior, emotions, biorhythms, smell, feeding behaviors
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limbic system
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divisions of diencephalon
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epithalamus
thalamus hypothalamus subthalamus |
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aka epithalamus, secretes melantonin (circadian rhythms)
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pineal gland
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integrates afferent impulses to cerebral cortex, perception but not interpretation of sensations
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thalamus
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functions of hypothalamus
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constant internal environment (temp, hormones)
implementation of behavioral patterns |
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carries CSF through midbrain
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cerebral aqueduct
aqueduct of Sylvius |
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maintains balance and posture, conscious and unconscious muscle synergy
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cerebellum
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same side control of cerebellum
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ipsilateral control
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site of control of respiratory rate
and I:E ratio |
pons
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controls reflex activities such as heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, coughing, sneezing, swallowing, and vomiting
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medulla oblongata
myelencephalon |
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sections of spinal cord
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8 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 1 coccygeal |
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in center of gray matter (cell bodies) of spinal cord
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central canal
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parts of a reflex arc
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receptor
afferent (sensory) neuron association neuron (optional) efferent (motor) neuron effector organ (muscle/gland) |
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layers from skin to brain
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skin
periosteum cranium (incl. galea aponeurotica) (epidural space) meninges dura mater arachnoid pia mater brain |
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made by choroid plexuses
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cerebrospinal fluid
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expanded areas of the subarachnoid space
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cisterns
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sites of circulation of CSF
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ventricles and subarachnoid space
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site of CSF reabsorption
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arachnoid villi
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bones of vertebral column
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7 cervical
12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 fused sacral 4 fused coccygeal |
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potent natural vasodilator in the CNS
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carbon dioxide
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arterial blood supply to brain
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internal carotids
vertebral arteries |
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drain venous plexuses and dural sinuses, major cerebral venous drainage
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internal jugular veins
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formed by astrocytes and tight junctions between endothelial cells
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blood-brain barrier
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bundles of neuron processes in the CNS
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tracts
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