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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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3 major parts of the brain
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brain stem, cerebellum, cerebrum
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largest part of the brain
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cerebrum
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what does the brain stem control?
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breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, pupil constriction
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what does the cerebellum control?
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muscle and body coordination (known as the "athlete's brain")
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what are the 4 lobes of the cerebrum?
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frontal, occipital, temporal, parietal
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the right and left cerebral hemispheres control what?
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the opposite side (contralateral) of the body and the same side (ipsilateral) of the face
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what does the frontal lobe control?
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emotion and thought
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what does the occipital lobe control?
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sight
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how many cranial nerves are there?
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12
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how many spinal nerves are there?
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31 pairs
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CVA
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cerebrovascular accident - interruption of blood flow to the brain that results in the loss of function in the affected part of the brain
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stroke
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the loss of brain function that results from a CVA
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infarcted cells
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when cells die from lack of oxygen
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ischemic cells
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cells that receive enough blood after an event (CVA, etc.) to stay alive but not enough to function properly
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thrombus
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blood clot
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two main types of stroke
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hemorrhagic and ischemic
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hemorrhagic stroke
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caused by arterial rupture or bleeding in the brain
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ischemic stroke
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caused by an embolism or thrombus (lack of blood flow)
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TIA
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transient ischemic attack (small stroke) where symptoms subside spontaneously within 24 hours
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seizure
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convulsion (generalized seizure/grand mal/tonic-clonic)characterized by unconsciousness and a generalized severe twitching of all of the body's muscles that lasts several minutes or longer
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absence
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characterized by brief lapse of attention with a blank stare and no response (petit mal seizure)
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tonic phase
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continuous muscular contraction
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clonic phase
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contractions and relaxations of muscles occurring in rapid succession
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postictal state
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period of unconsciousness/unresponsiveness that last 5 to 30 minutes after an active seizure when the patient. The patient appears sleepy, difficult to arouse, and possibly combative
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status epilepticus
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prolonged (10 min or more)generalized seizure or two generalized seizures in a row without a return of consciousness
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febrile seizures
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caused by sudden high fevers, usually in children under 5 yrs old
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hemiparesis
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weakness on one side of the body
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altered mental status mnemonic
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AEIOU-TIPS: Alcohol, acidosis/ Epilepsy, encephalitis/ Insulin/ Overdose/ Uremia/ Trauma/ Infection/ Psychiatric/ Seizures
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seizure mnemonic
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FACTS: Focus, Activity, Color or Cocaine, Time, Secondary info (meds, events leading up to, incontinence, tongue biting)
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aphasia
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the inability to produce or understand speech: seen in patients when the left cerebral hemisphere is affected
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receptiv aphasia
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patient can speak clearly but has trouble understanding speech
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expressive aphasia
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can understand clearly but cannot produce the right sounds to reply
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dysarthria
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slurred speech
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intracerebral hemorrhage
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bleeding in the brain
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3 conditions that simulate a stroke
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hypolgycemia; postictal state; subdural or epidural bleeding (bleeding within the skull that compresses the brain)
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subdural
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bleeding beneath the dura but outside the brain
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epidural
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bleeding above the dura but outside the brain
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Cincinnati Stroke Scale
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Facial Droop, arm drift, and speech
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Clasgow Coma Scale
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eye opening (4), Verbal (5), Motor (6)
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transport position for stroke
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on side with paralyzed side down, head elevated 6"
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syncope
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temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone caused by diminished cerebral blood flow
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cerebral embolism
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obstruction of a cerebral artery caused by clot that formed elsewhere and traveled to brain
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