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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nervous system |
Divided into 2 parts: central & peripheral |
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Central nervous system |
Includes the brain and spinal cord |
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Peripheral nervous system |
Includes all the nerve fibers outside the brain send spinal cord, 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branches |
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Mnemonic for cranial nerves |
On Occasion Our Trusty Truck Acts Funny Very Good Vehicle Any How |
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Cranial nerves |
Olfactory Optic Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Acoustic (vestibulocochlear) Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory (spinal) Hypoglossal |
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Mnemonic for type (cranial nerves) |
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More |
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Visual acuity |
Cranial nerve 2 Confrontation test |
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Pupillary light Reflex |
Cranial nerve 3 Cranial nerve 4 Cranial nerve 6 |
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Cranial nerve 5- trigeminal |
Motor function- assess the muscles of mastification by palpating the temporal and masseter muscles by having person clench teeth Sensory function- with a person's eyes closed, test light touch sensation |
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Cranial nerve 7- facial |
Have person smile, frown, close eyes tightly, puff cheeks |
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Cranial nerve 8- vestibulocochlear |
Test hearing acuity by normal conversation and whisper test |
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Cranial nerves 9 & 10 Glossopharyngeal & vagus |
Depress the tongue with a tongue blade |
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Cranial nerve 11- spinal accessory nerve |
Examine the sternomastoid and trapezius muscles for equal size. Rotate head against resistance. Shrug shoulders against resistance |
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Cranial nerve 12- hypoglossal nerve |
Inspect the tongue. Tell patient to say "light, tight, dynamite " |
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Romberg test |
Stand with feet together, ask them to close their eyes and hold the position Positive romberg sign is loss of balance |
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Graphesthesia |
The ability to "read" a number by having it traced on the skin |
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Stereognosis |
With his or her eyes closed, place a familiar object (paper clip, key, coin, cotton ball, pencil) in the person's hand and all them top identify it |
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Reflex response for DVTs |
4+ very brisk, hyperactive with clonus, indicative of disease 3+ brisker then average, may indicate disease, probably normal 2+ average, normal 1+ diminished, low normal, or occurs only with reinforcement 0+ no response |
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Clonus |
A set of rapid, rhythmic contractions of the same muscle |
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Hemorrhagic stroke signs |
Nausea and vomiting Focal seizures Sudden severe headache Sudden loss of consciousness |
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Three structures that comprise the brainstem |
Midbrain Pons Medulla |
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Signs of a lesion in the brainstem level of the midbrain or upper pons |
Upper extremities stiffly extended, adducted, and internally rotated with palms pronated and lower extremities stiffly extended with feet in plantar flexion, teeth clenched, and back hyperextended is the posture of decerebrate rigidity |
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Proper function of cranial nerve V |
presence of normal rooting and sucking reflexes |
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Proper function of cranial nerves IX and X |
Presence of swallowing, the gag reflex, and coordinated sucking and swallowing |
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What pathways in the spinal cord carry sensory impulses to the brain |
The spinothalamic (anterolateral) tract and posterior (dorsal) columns of the spinal cord carry sensory impulses to the brain. |
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Decorticate rigidity |
the posture in which the elbow, wrist, and fingers are flexed and the arm is tight against the thorax, (adducted) with the lower extremities extended and internally rotated and the feet in plantar flexion. Indicate hemispheric lesion of cerebral cortex |
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Decerebrate rigidity |
Upper extremities stiffly extended, adducted, internal rotation, palms pronated, teeth clenched, plantar flexion. Hyperextended back- indicated lesson in brainstem at midbrain or upper pons |
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Flaccid quadriplegia |
Complete loss of muscle tone and paralysis on all 4 extremities Indicates nonfunctional brainstem |
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Opisthotonos |
Prolonged arching of thr back, with head and heels bent backward. Meningeal irritation |
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To address motor function of the trigeminal nerve (V) |
trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V), the temporal and masseter muscles are palpated bilaterally while the patient clenches the teet |
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In the newborn, motor activity is under control of |
the spinal cord and medulla. |
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Romberg test |
Tests balance in which a person is asked to stand with feet together and arms at sides |
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Diabetes mellitus |
a common cause of glove-and-stocking anesthesia, which is a loss of all types of sensation in the extremities in a glove-and-stocking pattern |
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Clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis |
Are varied and include Babinski sign, diplopia, loss of balance, and weakness |
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The spinothalamic tract transmits |
The sensations of pain, temperature, and crude or light touch. To test for the transmission of pain in the spinothalamic tract, the patient is asked to identify when the skin is being touched with the sharp or dull end of a pin/broken tongue blade. |
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Clonus |
characterized by a set of short, jerking contractions of the same muscle |
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Posterior (dorsal) columns |
The posterior (dorsal) columns are responsible for transmitting the sensations of vibration, position, and fine touch |
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Examination of extraocular movement |
an expected finding is the back-and-forth oscillations of the eyes in the extreme lateral gaze |
