Neurohistology And Nervous Tissue

Front 1

define neuroglia?

Back 1

major supporting and nurturing component of the nervous system

Front 2

what are the three classifications of neurons?

Back 2

multipolar, bipolar, unipolar (pseudo)

Front 3

do dendrites release or recieve NT?

Back 3

receive

Front 4

gray matter is composed of what?

Back 4

nerve nuclei (cell bodies of the CNS)

Front 5

where would grey matter be found in the spinal cord? the brain?

Back 5

interior of the spinal cord, exterior of brain

Front 6

what type of neurons makeup sensory cells? interneurons? motor neurons?

Back 6

pseudounipolar and bipolar, multipolar, and multipolar

Front 7

aside from neuron polarity, what other classification criteria is used?

Back 7

type of NT, excitatory vs. inhibitory, length of axon (golgi type I or II, projection neuron)

Front 8

what occurs at the synaptic end bulb?

Back 8

NT release

Front 9

these are angular granule bodies found in the cell body of a neuron.

Back 9

nissl material

Front 10

what is the chemical composition and function of acetylcholine?

Back 10

it is a non-amino acid derived small molecule transmitter. It is used at myoneural junctions, all parasymp. synapses, and preganglionic sympathetic synapses

Front 11

what is the chemical quality and function of NE as a NT?

Back 11

it is a small molecule NT, biogenic amine, and catecholamine that is used in post ganglionic symp. synapses except for sweat glands

Front 12

what is the chemical qualities and function of the NT glutamic acid?

Back 12

it is a small molecule transmitter and amino acid that is used in presnaptic sensory and cortex neurons and it is the most common excitatory NT of the CNS

Front 13

what is the chemical quality and function of the NT gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Back 13

it is a small molecule transmitter and amino acid that is the most common inhibitory NT of the CNS

Front 14

what is the chemical quality and function of the NT dopamine?

Back 14

it is a small molecule transmitter, a biologic amine and catecholamine. It is used as inhibitory NT in the basal ganglia of the CNS

Front 15

what is the chemical quality and function of the NT serotonin?

Back 15

it is a small molecule transmitter and biologic amine that inhibits pain, controls mood, and regulates sleep

Front 16

what is the chemical quality and function of the NT glycine?

Back 16

it is a small molecule transmitter and biologic amine. It is inhibitory and in the spinal cord

Front 17

what is the chemical qualities and functions of endorphins?

Back 17

it is a neuropeptide and opiod peptide that is an analgesic (unsure of transmission)

Front 18

what are the chemical qualities and functions of enkephalins?

Back 18

they are neuropeptides and opiod peptides that are analgesic

Front 19

distinguish between protoplasmic and fibrous astrocytes.

Back 19

protoplasmics are found in the grey matter of the CNS and have more processes while the fibrous astrocytes are found in the white matter of the CNS

Front 20

what are the functions of astrocytes?

Back 20

NT metabolism, ion balance for AP's, brain development, help form blood brain barrier, supporting network for neurons, and provide a link between neurons and blood vessels

Front 21

these are the most common glial cells in the CNS with relatively fewer processes and a round/ oval cell body.

Back 21

oligodendrites

Front 22

what is the function of oligodendrites?

Back 22

support neurons, produce myelin (each cell wraps myelin around several axons

Front 23

these glial cells have few processes, are derived from monocytes, and can migrate to the site of injury.

Back 23

microglia

Front 24

what are the functions of microglia?

Back 24

macrophages of the CNS

Front 25

describe ependymal cells (not function)

Back 25

epithelial cells arranged in a single layer that can be squamos or columnar, many are ciliated

Front 26

what is the function of ependymal cells?

Back 26

they form a continuous epithelial lining for the ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord. They secrete CSF and possibly assist in circulation of CSF in these areas

Front 27

what are the neuroglia found in the CNS?

Back 27

ependymal cells, astrocytesl, microglia, and oligodendrocytes

Front 28

what are the neuroglia found in the PNS?

Back 28

schwann cells and satellite cells

Front 29

what are the function and structure of schwann cells?

Back 29

they are flattened cells arranged around the axons in the PNS that produce the myelin sheath around a single axon in the PNS

Front 30

what is the function and structure of the satellite cells?

Back 30

they are flattened cells surrounding the cell bodies of neurons in the ganglia (thus in PNS) and they are used to support these neurons

Front 31

what neuroglia have perivascular feet?

Back 31

astrocytes

Front 32

how do schwann cells form the myelin sheaths?

Back 32

the cell circles the axon many times, squezing the cytoplasm out with each circle (note oligodendrocytes do this the same way except around mutliple axons instead of just one)

Front 33

what are the four types of synapses?

Back 33

axodendritic, axosomatic, axoaxonic, and dendrodendritic

Front 34

1. axon
2. axolemma
3. mitochondria
4. glial process
5. synaptic vessicles
6. synaptic cleft
7. presynaptic density
8. postsynaptic density
9. postsynaptic cell

Back 34

label

Front 35

1. epineurium
2. perineurium
3. endoneurium
4. schwann cells
5. axon

Back 35

label

Front 36

bipolar sensory neurons detect what kinds of senses?

Back 36

sepcial such as vision, hearing, smell, balance...

Front 37

psedounipolar neurons detect what kind of sensation?

Back 37

in all nonspecial (taste, hearing, vision, etc) sensation of the cord and the cranial nerves

Front 38

what are the roles of golgi type I, type II and projection neurons?

Back 38

I are long axons, thpe II are short, usually used to communicate in the same spinal segment, projection project to the cortex or from the cortex