Neuroexam_Drugs

Front 1

desipramine

Back 1

Secondary Amine TCA
NE uptake block

Front 2

imipramine

Back 2

Tertiary Amine TCA
NE/5HT uptake block

Front 3

mirtazapine

Back 3

Anti-depressant
presynaptic alpha-2 adrenergic autoreceptors blockade

Front 4

citalopram

Back 4

SSRI

Front 5

fluoxetine

Back 5

SSRI

Front 6

fluvoxamine

Back 6

SSRI

Front 7

paroxetine

Back 7

SSRI

Front 8

venlafaxine

Back 8

SSRI
5HT uptake block; NE uptake block(at higher doses)

Front 9

sertraline

Back 9

SSRI

Front 10

bupropion

Back 10

DA uptake inhibitor

Front 11

phenelzine

Back 11

MAOI
Hepatotoxic

Front 12

tranylcypromine

Back 12

MAOI

Front 13

alprazolam

Back 13

BZ
High potency

Front 14

clonazepam

Back 14

BZ
High Potency

Front 15

diazepam

Back 15

BZ
Highest lipid solubility of BZ's

Front 16

flurazepam

Back 16

BZ
hypnotic

Front 17

oxazepam

Back 17

BZ
metabolize via conjugation

Front 18

triazolam

Back 18

BZ

Front 19

Clomipramine

Back 19

TCA chloride derivative
NE reuptake inhibitor
5HT reuptake inhibitor (OCD)

Front 20

flumazenil

Back 20

BZ antagonist

Front 21

buspirone

Back 21

azapirone
Non-BZ anti-anxiety
direct activation of 5HT1a receptor

Front 22

zolpidem

Back 22

Non BZ "Z" drug

Front 23

zalepion

Back 23

Non BZ "Z" drug

Front 24

eszopiclone

Back 24

Non BZ "Z" drug

Front 25

chlorpromazine

Back 25

typical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
Low potency(more anticholinergic,sedation)

Front 26

haloperidol

Back 26

typical antipsychotic
D2 antagonist
High potency(More EPS)

Front 27

cloZAPine

Back 27

Atypical antipsychotic
D2/5HT antagonist
**actually decrease tardive dyskinesias from typical antipsychotic use.
granulocytopenia(weekly CBC)

Front 28

risperidone

Back 28

Atypical antipsychotic
D2/5HT antagonist
is not anticholinergic
Possible prolactin increase

Front 29

olanzepine

Back 29

Atypical antipsychotic
D2/5HT antagonist
very antihistaminic

Front 30

quetiapine

Back 30

Atypical antipsychotic
D2/5HT antagonist
is not anticholinergic

Front 31

aripiprazole

Back 31

Atypical anti-psychotic
partial D2 agonist

Front 32

ziprasidone

Back 32

Atypical anti-psychotic

Front 33

lithium carbonate

Back 33

Bipolar tx

Front 34

benztropine

Back 34

reduces cholinergic dominance in parkinsons

Front 35

diphenhydramine

Back 35

central muscarinic blockade
parkinsons tx

Front 36

levodopa

Back 36

L-dopa, DA precursor
parkinsons tx

Front 37

levodopa + carbidopa

Back 37

DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor.
works in periphery
parkinsons tx

Front 38

bromocriptine

Back 38

DA agonist w/ D2 selectivity
parkinson tx

Front 39

pergolide

Back 39

DA agonist @ D1 & D2.
Derived from Ergot fungus.
parkinson tx

Front 40

pramipexole

Back 40

Non-ergot DA agonist specific for D2 but specfically the D3 subtype.
parkinson tx

Front 41

selegiline

Back 41

MAO-B inhibitor
Not non-specific!!!
No inhibition of peripheral NE/5HT metabolism.
Metabolized to amphetamine.
parkinson tx

Front 42

entacapone

Back 42

COMT inhibitor
parkinson tx

Front 43

amantadine

Back 43

antiviral
MOA??? thought to release DA from nerve terminals
parkinson tx

Front 44

haloperidol

Back 44

typical antipsychotic
tourettes tx

Front 45

clonidine

Back 45

alpha adrenergic receptor agonist.
tourettes tx

Front 46

phenytoin

Back 46

Prolongs state of Na channel inactivation.
DOC for generalized tonic clonic seizures. Also for partial seizures tx
status epilepticus tx

Front 47

ethotoin

Back 47

DOC generalized tonic clonic seizures and complex partial seizures tx

Front 48

valproate

Back 48

wide spectrum of antiseizure activity.
DOC for atonic & myoclonic seizures or for pts with multiple seizure types.
ABSENCE SEIZURE TX
Also, increases GABA levels by stimulating the synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase and inhibits degradation of GABA also.

Front 49

carbamazepine

Back 49

generalized tonic clonic seizures and partial seizures tx.
DOC for all partial seizures.
DOC for tx of trigeminal neuralgia

Front 50

lamotrigine

Back 50

wide spectrum of antiseizure activity.
Effective in tx of partial, generalized, and absence seizures.

Front 51

zonisamide

Back 51

wide spectrum of antiseizure activity.
ABSENCE SEIZURES tx.
Oligohydrosis(low sweat production) & hyperthermia in pediatric pts.

Front 52

ethosuximide

Back 52

DOC for absence seizures(T currents indicative of).

Front 53

phenobarbital

Back 53

barbiturate
Enhances GABA-mediated increase in Cl- conductance.
generalized tonic clonic seizures and partial seizures tx

Front 54

diazepam

Back 54

BZ
status epilepticus tx

Front 55

clonazepam

Back 55

BZ
effective in tx of absence seizures & myoclonic seizures.
infantile spasms tx

Front 56

gabapentin

Back 56

promotes release of GABA via an unknown mechanism.
generalized tonic clonic seizures and partial seizures tx.
RENAL EXCRETION.
effective for postherpetic neuralgia.

Front 57

Drugs for Status Epilepticus?

Back 57

Phenytoin
Diazepam

Front 58

Drugs for Absence seziures?

Back 58

ethosuximide DOC
valproate
lamotriine
zonisamide
clonazepam

Front 59

amphetamine

Back 59

anorexiants
narcolepsy tx.
-Indirect acting sympathomimetics. They act to release catecholamines from their stores and to prevent their reuptake.
Schedule II

Front 60

dextroamphetamine

Back 60

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS
ADHD tx

Front 61

phentermine

Back 61

Amphetamine derivative
anorexiants
schedule IV

Front 62

sibutramine

Back 62

anorexiants.
inhibitors of monoamine(NE, 5HT, DA) reuptake.
schedule IV

Front 63

methylphenidate

Back 63

PSYCHOMOTOR STIMULANTS.
ADHD tx
narcolepsy tx
-drugs release NE and DA from neurons and block the reuptake back into the neuron.
Schedule II drug

Front 64

atomoxetine

Back 64

Selective NE Reuptake inhibitor
ADHD tx
DO NOT GIVE WITH MAOI!!!

Front 65

modafinil

Back 65

narcolepsy tx
Schedule IV drug

Front 66

theophylline

Back 66

inhibition of phosphodiesterases => increasing intracellular cAMP.
neonatal apnea syndrome tx

Front 67

caffeine

Back 67

inhibition of phosphodiesterases => increasing intracellular cAMP.
neonatal apnea syndrome tx

Front 68

ethanol?

Back 68

Only alcohol used clinically
toxic metabolite => aldehyde

Front 69

methanol?

Back 69

wood alcohol, poisonous.
toxic metabolite => formic acid

Front 70

Ethylene Glycol?

Back 70

antifreeze, poisonous
toxic metabolite => oxalic acid

Front 71

disulfiram?

Back 71

aversive deterrent to etOH ingestion

Front 72

botulinum toxin

Back 72

NMJ Muscle relaxant.
Presynaptic.
blocks vesicular release of ACh. It cleaves proteins involved in exocytosis of synaptic vesicles w/ ACh

Front 73

(cis)atracurium

Back 73

NMJ Muscle relaxant.
Non depolarizing competitive agent

purified form of one isomer of atracurium

Front 74

vecuronium

Back 74

NMJ Muscle relaxant.
Non depolarizing competitive agent which is a newer "uroniums"

Front 75

succinylcholine

Back 75

NMJ Muscle relaxant.
Depolarizing non competitive agent

Front 76

diazepam

Back 76

CNS Muscle Relaxant.
BZ which incr GABA mediated inhibitory synaptic transmission to decr spinal interneuronal signaling.

Front 77

baclofen?

Back 77

CNS Muscle Relaxant.
agonist at GABA-B receptor but this action in treatment is questionable.
Reduces the release of glut from spinal neuronal circuits.

Front 78

dantrolene

Back 78

Skeletal muscle relaxant.
Peripheral acting, direct effect on the excitation-contraction coupling mechanisms(not at NMJ)

Front 79

procaine

Back 79

first synthetic local anesthetic; an Ester.

Hydrolyzed by pseudocholinesterase => gives procaine short half-life.

Front 80

lidocaine

Back 80

First amide local anesthetic.

metabolized in liver

Front 81

Aspirin

Back 81

NSAID.
decreases prostaglandin(PG) synthesis via inhibition of the enzymes COX I & II at central and peripheral sites.

Front 82

ibuprofen

Back 82

NSAID.
decreases prostaglandin(PG) synthesis via inhibition of the enzymes COX I & II at central and peripheral sites.

Front 83

ketorolac

Back 83

Inhibition of COX I and II PG synthesis => analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory actions. Analgesic effect is more potent than antipyretic or anti-inflammatory effects. USE FOR ACUTE PAIN

Front 84

acetaminophen

Back 84

analgesic and antipyretic actions but lacks anti inflammatory properties(probably due to peroxide concentrations found at inflammatory sites which inactivate the drug).

Front 85

morphine

Back 85

narcotic analgesic.
agonist at mu, kappa, & delta

Front 86

fentanyl

Back 86

narcotic analgesic.
agonist at mu.

Front 87

methadone

Back 87

narcotic analgesic.
agonist at mu

Front 88

butorphanol

Back 88

narcotic analgesic.
partial agonist at mu.

Front 89

nalbuphine

Back 89

narcotic analgesic.
partial agonist at mu.

Front 90

buprenorphine

Back 90

narcotic analgesic.
partial agonist at mu.

Front 91

codeine

Back 91

narcotic analgesic.
-Codine demonstrates good oral:parenteral potency ratios due to structural protection from conjugation.

Front 92

naloxone

Back 92

Full narcotic antagonist.
antagonist at mu, kappa, and delta. given via IV.

Front 93

naltrexone

Back 93

Pure narcotic antagonist
longer acting and taken p.o.

Front 94

sevoflurane

Back 94

General inhalational anesthetic.
Sevoflurane
blood/gas=0.65
oil/gas=50
MAC=2

Front 95

desflurane

Back 95

General inhalational anesthetic.
Desflurane
blood/gas=0.45
oil/gas=20
MAC=6

Front 96

nitrous oxide (analgesic)

Back 96

General inhalational anesthetic(analgesic component).
-a potent inhalational analgesic agent.
-Used in combo w/ other anesthetic agents, it's inadequate alone.

Front 97

midazolam

Back 97

General IV anesthetic.
-a BZ that reduces anxiety and sedates the patient(enhances GABA chloride flow but doesn't produce analgesia.)

Front 98

propofol

Back 98

General IV anesthetic.
increases inhibitory synaptic transmission via facilitation of GABA receptor .
-doesn't provide analgesia

Front 99

etomidate

Back 99

General IV anesthetic.
-increase inhibitory synaptic transmission via GABA receptor. Doesn't reduce excitatory transmitter release.

Front 100

ketamine

Back 100

General IV anesthetic.
Dissociative anesthetic(cataleptic trance)
-noncompetitive antagonist of NMDA glut receptors. Decreases excitatory synaptic transmission by reducing synaptic Ca++ channel conduction.