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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Damage or destruction of brain tissue may involve wide range of outcomes depending on... |
Nature, location, and extent of neural damage Premorbid competence and personality of individual Individual’s life situation |
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Diffuse vs. Focal Damage |
Diffuse: overall damage Focal damage: occurring in just one place (eg: stroke, bullet) |
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Delirium |
State between wakefulness and stupor. Has sudden onset and involves fluctuating state of reduced awareness. Reflects confusion, disturbed concentration, and cognitive dysfunction. Can occur in person of any age, though the elderly and children are at particularly high risk. |
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Major Neurocognitive Disorder (Dementia) |
Not rapidly fluctuating condition Characterized by a decline from a previously attained level of functioning; slow onset and a deteriorating course Caused by over 50 different disorders, but most commonly caused by Alzheimer’s disease |
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Parkinson's Disease |
Characterized by tremors or rigid movements Primarily caused by loss of dopamine neurons About 75% eventually show signs of dementia |
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Huntington's Disease |
Rare degenerative disorders of nervous system Chronic, progressive chorea Patients usually develop dementia Onset age 40; more common in males |
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chorea |
involuntary movements characterized by their random, brief, and non-rhythmic character
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Alzheimer's Disease |
Progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder Usually slow, but progressively deteriorating course terminating in delirium and death |
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Alzheimer's risk factors |
age, genes, genetic mutations of APP, APOE-E4 allele of APOE gene (on exam) depression, head trauma, brain inflammation, aluminum? black and green tea reduced risk in Japanese with gene by 86%; increased blood flow to parts of brain for memory |
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Alzheimer's neuropathology |
Atrophy (cell loss), Beta-Amyloid plaque, neurofibrillary tangles (contain tau protein) |
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Alzheimer's disease course |
AD causes destruction of cells that make neurotransmitter important for memory --> drug treatments include choloinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil and non-cholinesterase inhibitor memantine --> Drugs help stop ACh (Acetyl-Choline) from being broken down and increasing availability to brain |
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Dementia from HIV-1 Infection |
Due to breaking down of immune system. Exposure to many pathogens can lead to impaired memory and dementia symptoms. |
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Vascular disease |
Series of circumscribed cerebral infarcts cumulatively destroy neurons overexpanding brain regions |
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Amnestic disorder |
Characteristic feature of amnestic syndrome Caused by alcohol abuse, head injuries, stroke (Treatment techniques) |
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Incidence of head injuries |
About 2 million people a year (most from car accidents) |
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Common causes of brain injuries |
hu |
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Brain injury risk by gender and age |
jlk |
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Where did rod pierce Phineas Gage? |
Frontal lobe/prefrontal cortex |
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Head injury outcomes |
Retrograde amnesia Anterograde amnesia Personality changes |
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Head injury treatments |
Promptness, immediate and long-term reeducation and rehabilitation, treatment team often involves wide variety of health professionals |
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Aftereffects of head injuries
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jk |
