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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Neurons
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fundamental unit of the nervous system; all functions of the brain results from actions of individual neurons and interconections between them;
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Axons
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relays electrical impulses away from the cell body; at end of axon is terminal button which contain stored neurotransmitters to be released into synaptic cleft;
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Dendrites
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transmits impulses or info toward the cell body;
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Synapses
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junction between two (2) neurons (small space between is the synaptic cleft)
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Neurotransmitter
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chemical substance that functions as a messenger; it is manufactured / stored in synaptic vessels.
- it is released from axon terminal of pre-synaptic neuron upon electrical impulse - diffuses acreoss synapse to post synaptic neuron, attaching to specialized receptors - the interaction b/t neurotransmitter and post-synaptic neuron determines if another impulse is generated - the neurotransmitter is theneither destroyedby enzymes or returned to axon (re-uptake0 - if returned to axon , it may be reused or destroyed by enzymes there |
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Cerebral Hemisphere
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two (2) divisions of the brain; have interconnected pathways that link areas; corpus callosum = deep groove of nerve cells between two (2) hemispheres
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Frontal Lobe Controls
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organization of thought, body movements, memories, emotions and moral behavior
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Parietal Lobe Controls
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interprets sensations of taste and touch and assists in spatial orientation
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Temporal Lobe Controls
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center for the senses of smell and hearing and for memory and emotional expression
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Occipital Lobe Controls
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assist in coordinating language generation and visual interpretation, such as depth preception
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Medulla
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regulates VS; also regulates cough, swallowing, sneezing and vomiting reflexes
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Autonomic Nervous System
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- communication link for brain to exert control over internal organs (cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands;
- also translates mental distrurbances such as anxiety into altered internal function -functions of ANS are coordinated in hypothalmus (above midbrain); keeps internal body functtions in balance |
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Sympathetic NS
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- dominant in stress situations such as fear or anger (fight/flight)
- governs processes involved in expending energy - increased HR, dilate bronchi, dilate coronary arteries - epinephrine and norepinephrine are sympathetic transmitter agents |
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Parasympathetic NS
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- dominant in relaxed individuals
- concerned with consereving / restorative process - decreased HR, contracted pupils, constricted coronary arteries, constricted bronchi |