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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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FYI: How large is a normal cell?
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20-30 microns (recall a spike on a dendrite is ~5 microns)
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* What is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain?
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GABA
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* What is the most important excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain?
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glutamate
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what is meant by "modulatory"?
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influence amount and metabolism of NTs
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What is meant by receptor divergence?
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one neurotransmitter can activate multiple receptors, and thus multiple effectors
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* what part of the axon-->NT-->receptor synapse determines what the effect is?
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RECEPTOR
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Can a receptor have multiple binding sites?
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Yes!
The GABA-a receptor has several binding site that modulate its function |
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What are the lower frequency inputs received in electrical potentials?
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Field Potentials (outside the cell itself)
outputs are APs (higher frequency) |
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Why is interpretation of field potentials (e.g. in electrocorticogram) difficult?
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all FPs are summed, hard to know if it is a large signal far away or a weak on nearby, interactions sometimes cancel out
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What is an electro-encephalogram?
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EEG
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What can field potentials be used to evaluate?
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Brain state: excited, relaxed, sleeping, etc.
Clinical: can see seizures, sleep problems |
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what is a seizure?
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synchronous excitation of neurons
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what do most epilepsy mutations affect?
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ion channels or transmitter receptors (also mutations that affect GABA function)
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How do APs "code" for information? what types?
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by number and pattern of spikes/APs
sensory, perceptual, and movement information |
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What is the relationship between electrical and chemical potentials?
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electrical can influence AP, which releases chemical
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What is a more "specific" measurement: field potential or APs?
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APs; FPs are more a measure of general activity... APs are the actual result of summed inputs and the coding
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FYI:
"spiking" measures APs "listening to the brain" |
60 minutes video
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