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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H+A+ lesion
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amygdala + hippocampal formation (EC, DG, CA, subiculum) + surrounding cortical tissue, parahippocampal and perirhinal cortices, similar to HM
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H+ lesion
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Hippocampal formation (EC, DG, CA subfields, subiculum) + parahippocampus
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A lesion
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stereotactic lesion of amygdala only
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H++ lesion
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hippocampal formation (EC, DG, CA subfields, subiculum) + parahippocampus cortex + perirhinal cortex
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Hisc= H+ lesion
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lesion of CA1 only produced by bilateral occlusion of carotid artery for 15 min, similar to R.B , CA1 has most NMDA receptors.
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PRPH = H+A+
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lesion of parahippocampus cortex + perirhinal cortex
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NMTS task
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The monkey is required to retain some characteristics visual attributes of an object following a brief exposure to that object, the information about the visual attributes of the object in a trial is irrelevant for the next trial, the familiar object is NOT rewarded, the principle of selecting novelty is rewarded, no information is available in memory on association of reward with the correct choice object because object is novel
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Results of NMTS task
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amygdala does not participate in NMTS, lesion of PRPH also produces severe deficits in the performance
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Stimulus
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any physical event or combination of events that causes physiological or psychological activity.
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Non associative learning
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organism habituates or sensitized to a stimulus, most simple form of learning
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Associative learning
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organism learns relations among events in the world
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Habituation
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gradual dimunition of response to a stimulus, following repeated presentation of the same or very similar stimulus
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Classical conditioning
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type of associative learning in which there is no contingency between response and reinforcer
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Pavlovs experiment
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Pavlov trained dogs to associate a tone with food reward. CS - tone, UR saliva production, US- food, CR - saliva production
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Simulataneous conditioning
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CS onset and US onset coincide in time
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Delay conditioning
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CS presented first, US onset precedes CS offset or coincides with it
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Trace conditioning
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CS starts and ends before US, i.e there is time interval between two, less efficient then delay conditioning
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Backward conditioning
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US onset precedes CS onset, US terminates before CS terminates, usually not successful
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2 requirements for succes of Classical Conditioning
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1. contingency (probablity) and contiguity (together CS and US)
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COntingency
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relationship between two events measured in terms of conditional probabilities - probability of Event 2 given that Event 1 has occured and probability of Event 2 given that Event 1 has not occured
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2 forms of dishabituation
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spontaneous and by sensitizing stimulus
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experimental approaces to study memory
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lesions, electrical and chemical stimulation, electrophysiological recordings, molecular biology
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lesions methods
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surgical ablation, coagulation by heat, cryocoagulation, irreversible for first two
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electrical and chemical stimulation
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application of electrical square waveforms, flash photolysis of caged compounds
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electrophysiological recordings
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extracellular, intracellular (sharp and whole cell), attached and excised patch (single channel activity) and optical recordings of electrical activity and calcium activity
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