Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Anterior/Rostral |
- pointing toward the rat's nose |
|
|
Posterior/Caudal |
- direction pointing to rat's tail |
|
|
Dorsal |
- looking up |
|
|
Ventral |
- looking down |
|
|
Midline |
- invisible line running down the middle of nervous system |
|
|
Medial |
- towards midline |
|
|
Lateral |
- away from midline |
|
|
ipsilateral |
- two structures on the same side |
|
|
contralateral |
- opposite sides of midline |
|
|
Sagittal Section |
- splits brain into left and right halves |
|
|
Horizontal Section |
- split into dorsal and ventral parts |
|
|
Coronal Section |
- split into anterior/ posterior parts |
|
|
Cerebrum |
- rostral most an largest part of brain - split into two hemispheres |
|
|
Telencephalon |
- most anterior vesicle - 2 bilateral telencephalic vesicles - 2 cerebral hemispheres - Gives rise to olfactory bulbs and other structures involved with smell. |
|
|
Cerebral Cortex |
- |
|
|
Basal Ganglia |
- Voluntary Movement - Collection of cells in the basal telencephalon - Deep in Cerebrum |
|
|
Diencephalon |
- Part of Forebrain - Vesicle anterior to midbrain but posterior to telencephalon |
|
|
Thalamus |
- Realy info to and from cortex |
|
|
Hypothalamus |
- Homeostasis, feeding, drinking, hormonal control, circadian rhythms |
|
|
Cerebellum |
- movement control center - ipsilateral control |
|
|
Brain Stem |
- relay info from cerebrum/ cerebellum to spinal cord - origin of hemispheres and cerebellum - midbrain - pons - medulla - Controls respiration, BP, HR, sleep - Areas involved in attention and motivation - Limited number of cell bodies that project widely: Locus Coeruleus (NE); Raphe Nuclei (5-HT); Substantia Nigra VTA (DA) |
|
|
Midbrain |
- mesencephalon - behind procephalon - in brain stem |
|
|
Pons |
- part of hindbrain - dev from rostral half of hindbrain - movement in space |
|
|
Medulla |
- part of hindbrain - dev from caudal half -sensory functions |
|
|
Somatic PNS |
- All spinal nerves that innervate: skin, joints, and muscles under voluntary control - cell bodies in spinal cord
|
|
|
Visceral PNS |
- ANS - involuntary - innervate internal organs, blood vessels, and glands - bring info of visceral function (pressure and O2 content of blood) |
|
|
Cranial Nerves |
- 12 pairs of nerves - arise from brain stem - innervate mostly the head - part of CNS and Somatic/Visceral PNS, |
|
|
Meninges |
- membranes that protect the brain from bone - 3 layers |
|
|
Dura Mater |
- outermost of meningies - leatherlike consistency; tough and inelastic |
|
|
Arachnoid |
- under Dura Mater - resembles spider web |
|
|
Pia Mater |
- innermost meninge - adheres close to surface of brain - separated from arachnoid via fluid filled space
|
|
|
Lateral Ventrical |
- Fluid filled space within cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Third Ventrical |
- fluid filled space at center of diencephalon |
|
|
Crebral Aqueduct |
- Connects rostrally with 3rd ventricle of diencephalon - narrow CSF channel in brain stem |
|
|
Fourth Ventricle |
- CSF filled - Continuous with aqueduct |
|
|
Cerebral Spinal Fluid |
- Absorbed by Bv in arachnoid villi |
|
|
Sulci |
- grooves on the surface of the cerebrum |
|
|
Gyri |
- bumps on the surface of cerebrum |
|
|
Frontal Lobe |
- separated from parietal lobes by central sulcas - motor cortex - higher cognitive functions |
|
|
Parietal Lobe |
- somatic sensory cortex |
|
|
Temporal Lobe |
- auditory - speech - learning - memory |
|
|
Occipital Lobe |
- visual cortex |
|
|
Sensory Cortex |
- Large sensory representation of lips, hands, face, tongue |
|
|
Motor Cortex |
- Large motor representation of hands, face tongue |
|
|
Limbic System |
- Emotion, learning, and memory |
|
|
Locus Coeruleus |
- |
|
|
Raphe nuclei |
- |
|
|
Substantia Nigra |
- |
|
|
Spinal Cord |
- Carries Sensory info from skin, muscles, and joints - organizes and modulates motor outflow to muscles - Modulates Sensory input - Provides involuntary control - Spinal Reflexes |
|
|
Ectoderm |
- layer in embryon flat disk - gives rise to skin and nervous system
|
|
|
Neural Plate |
- part of the ectoderm - gives rise to nervous system |
|
|
Neural Groove |
- formed in the neural plate - runs anterior/posterior |
|
|
Neural Tube |
- walls of neural groove fuses - entire CNS dev from neural tube |
|
|
Neural Crest |
- neural ectoderm that is pinched off and lies laterally to the neural tube - all neurons with cell bodies in the PNS derive from this - developes in close association with mesoderm |
|
|
Somites |
- mesoderm forms prominent bulges on either side of neural tube - arises the 33 vertebrae of spinal column and related muscles
|
|
|
Spinal Reflexes |
- |
|
|
Corpus Collosum |
- formed by axons extending from forebrain |
