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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Identified neuron
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A neuron identified by its connectivity and is similar across species
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Mauthner Cell
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M-cell, which mediates the escape pattern of fish toward a thrown rock or predator
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Name the 3 types of ion channels?
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-Voltage Gated
-Ligand Gated -Mechanosensitive |
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Define: convergent neuron
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gathers lots of input and delivers little output
-enormous dendritic fields -Purkinje cells of cerebellum |
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Define: divergent neuron
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small number of inputs and distributes widely
-simple dendritic fields with lots of axonal synapses -Granule cells of cerebellum |
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Characteristics of a Cell Body
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- no myelin
- yes nissl - yes MT - yes NF - no SV |
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Characteristics of a Dendrite
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- no myelin
- yes nissl - yes MT - some NF - no SV |
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Characteristics of an Initial Segment
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- no myelin
- little nissl - MT in bundles - yes NF - no SV |
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Characteristics of an Axon
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- often myelin
- no nissl - some MT - many NF - no SV |
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Characteristics of a Terminal
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- no myelin
- no nissl - no MT - no NF - many SV |
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How do you determine the polarity of a MT?
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You add excess tubulin
plus end is dynamic and grows |
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How do kinesin proteins move?
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Orthograde (outward movement)
Move toward the plus end |
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How are axons polarized?
dendrites? |
Axons have the minus end at the cell body and the plus end at the terminal
dendrites are mixed |
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How do dendrites move?
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Retrograde (back to cell body)
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what does kinesin carry?
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synaptic vesicles
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what does dynein carry?
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Dynein carries: endosomes, golgi apparatus, and ribosomes
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What is transported at different rates via axoplasmic transport?
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Fast (240mm/day): lipids and plasma membrane proteins
Intermediate (30-60): mitochondria Slow (4-8): bulk cytoplasmic and metabolic enzymes Very Slow (1): Microtubules and Neurofilaments (MT and NF) |
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How do microtubules look on a cross section?
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Plus end coming toward you is curved clockwise
Counterclockwise hooks have minus end toward you |
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Why are ribosomes not found often in axons?
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Rough ER and polyribosomes stick to dynein, so if they venture down an axon, they are snatched by dynein
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What is the gap between myelin on an axon?
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Node of Ranvier
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What is the difference between schwann cells and oligodendrocytes
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Schwann cells are in the PNS. They can handle only one axon at once. These cells move and lay out cytoplasm, plasma membrane adheres together.
Oligodendrocytes are in the CNS and can wrap multiple axons at once. these cells do not move while wrapping |
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What are the three types of glial cells in the CNS?
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Astrocytes, microglia and oligodendrocytes
They can remove NT, buffer ion concentrations, establish the blood brain barrier, nutritive, help with propagation |
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What does an astocyte do?
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feet applied to surface of blood vessel and neuron
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What does a microglial cell do?
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phagocytic cells that clean up dead neurons
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