Neurobiology

Front 1

What part of the brain would adjust your heart rate, respiration, and homeostatic mechanisms to allow a successful hit of a tennis ball?

Back 1

amygdala

Front 2

What part of the brain develops a motor program to allow a person to approach a ball and hit it back?

Back 2

premotor cortex

Front 3

What part of the brain fine tunes movements based on proprioceptive information from the peripheral sensory receptors?

Back 3

basal ganglia

Front 4

What are the 7 regions of the central nervous system from dorsal to rostral?

Back 4

spinal cord, medulla, pons, cerebellum, midbrain, diencephalon, and cerebral hemispheres

Front 5

What receives sensory information from the skin, joints, and muscles of the trunk and limbs and contains the motor neurons responsible for both volunatry and reflex movements?

Back 5

spinal cord

Front 6

What part of the spinal cord contains nerve cell bodies and is typically divided into dorsal and ventral horns?

Back 6

gray matter

Front 7

What part of the spinal cord contains an orderly arrangment of sensory relay neurons that receive input from the periphery?

Back 7

dorsal horn

Front 8

What part of the spinal cord contains motor nucei that innervate specific muscles?

Back 8

ventral horn

Front 9

What part of the spinal cord is made up of longitudinal tracts of myelinated axons that form the ascending pathways through which sensory information reaches the brain and the decending pathways that carry motor commands and modulatory influences from the brain?

Back 9

white matter

Front 10

Nerve fibers that link the spinal cord with muscles and sensory receptors in the skin emerges from what aspect of the cord? What about the motor division?

Back 10

dorsal root. ventral root.

Front 11

Which root carries sensory information into the spinal cord from muscles and skin?

Back 11

dorsal root

Front 12

Which root is made up of bundles of outgoing axons of motor neurons that innervate muscles?

Back 12

ventral root

Front 13

Which three parts of the brain make up the brain stem? What is the function of the brain stem?

Back 13

Medulla, pons, and midbrain
It is concerned with sensation from and motor control of the head, neck, and face. It also is the site of entry for information from several specialized senses, such as hearing, balance, and taste.

Front 14

What is the reticular formation?

Back 14

It is part of the brain stem that receives a summary of much of the sensory information that enters the spinal cord/brain stem and is important in influencing the arousal level of an organism.

Front 15

What is the medulla?

Back 15

It participates in regulating blood presure and respiration. Also imporant for taste, hearing, and maintance of balance.

Front 16

What is the pons?

Back 16

It relays info. about movement and sensation from the cerebral cortex to the cerebellum and regulates respiration, taste, and sleep.

Front 17

What is the midbrain?

Back 17

It provides important linkages between components of the motor system. Also, important for voluntary movements and eye movement.

Front 18

What is the cerebellum?

Back 18

It receives somatosensory input from the spinal cord, motor info. from the cerebral cortex, and input about balance from the vestibular organs of the inner ear. Important for posture and fine motor skills.

Front 19

What is the diencephalon?

Back 19

It is made up of the thalamus (links transfer of sensory info from receptors in the periphery to the sensory processing regions of the cerebral hemisphere) and the hypothalamus (homeostasis and reproduction including growth, eating, drinking, and materal behavior by regulating the pituitary gland).

Front 20

What are the cerebral hemispheres?

Back 20

It consists of the basal ganglia, the amygdala, and the hippocampal formation. It is concerned with perceptual, motor, and cognitive functions, including memory and emotions.

Front 21

What is the corpus callosum?

Back 21

It interconnects the two cerebral hemispheres.

Front 22

What are the grooves in the brain called?

Back 22

sulci

Front 23

What are the elevated regions in the brain called?

Back 23

gyri

Front 24

What is the cerebral cortex responsible for?

Back 24

planning and execution of actions

Front 25

What are the 4 lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Back 25

frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital

Front 26

What is the primary motor cortex?

Back 26

It contains neurons that project directly to the spinal cord to activate somatic motor neurons and mediates voluntary movements of the limbs and trunk.

Front 27

How many layers are in the cerebral cortex?

Back 27

6

Front 28

Which type of neurons have pyramidally shaped cell bodies?

Back 28

Projection neurons (Golgi type I)

Front 29

Clusters of neurons or functional groups are called?

Back 29

Nuclei

Front 30

What does ipsilateral mean?

Back 30

same side

Front 31

What does contralateral mean?

Back 31

opposite side