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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the divisions of the developing brain.
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Prosencephalon (forebrain)
Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain) |
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Break down the telecephalon
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Cerebral hemispheres (cortex, basal ganglia, white matter)
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Break down the diencephalon
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Thalamus, hypothalamus
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Break down the rhombencephalon
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Pons & cerebellum (metencephalon), medulla (myelencephalon)
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Break down the mesencephalon
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Midbrain tectum, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles
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Structure where CSF is made
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choroid plexus
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Planes of section: Towards the earth
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Ventral
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Planes of section: Towards the sky
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dorsal
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Planes of section: Towards the snout
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rostral
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Planes of section:Towards the tail
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caudal
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Planes of section in imaging: Parallel to the floor
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Horizontal/transverse/axial
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Planes of section in imaging: Tiara-like cut
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Coronal
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Planes of section in imaging: Like an arrow shot, midline or off-midline
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Sagittal, parasagittal, midsagittal
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The most common excitary neurotransmitter
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Glutamate
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The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter
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GABA
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Define: Afferent
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Toward a structure (arrive)
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Define: Efferent
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Away from a structure (exit)
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List the cranial nerves
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I. Olfactory
II. Optic III. Oculomotor IV. Trochlear V. Trigeminal VI. Abducens VII. Facial VIII. Vestibulococchlear IX. Glossopharyngeal X. Vagus XI. Spinal accessory XII. Hypoglossal |
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Brodmann's areas: Primary somatosensory cortex
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1, 2, 3
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Brodmann's area: Primary motor cortex
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4
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Brodmann's areas: Posterior parietal association areas
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5, 7
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Brodmann's area: Frontal eye fields
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8
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Brodmann's areas: Prefrontal association areas
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9, 10, 11, 12
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Brodmann's area: Primary visual
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17
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Brodmann's area: Secondary visual
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18
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Brodmann's area: Teritary visual cortex
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19
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Brodmann's area: Higher-order auditory association cortex
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22
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Brodmann's area: Primary auditory cortex
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41
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Brodmann's area: Secondary auditory cortex
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42
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Brodmann's areas: Parietal-temporal-occipital association cortex
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38, 39
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Brodmann's area: Broca's area
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44
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Two main somatosensory pathways and functions.
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1) Posterior column (Dorsal column- medial lemniscus): Proprioception, vibration sense, fine discriminative touch
2) Anterolateral pathway (spinothalamic): Pain, temperature, crude touch |
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Breakdown of cranial nerve locations on brain stem
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Midbrain: III, IV
Pons: V, VI, VII, VIII Medulla: IX, X, XI, XII |
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Impairment in consciousness can be caused by lesions or abnormalities in these structures
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1) Reticular formation
2) Bilateral thalamus 3) Bilateral cerebral hemispheres (usually from pressure exerted on brainstem) |
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Sturctures in limbic system
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Medial and anterior temporal lobes, aterior insula, inferior medial frontal lobes, cingulate gyri, hippocampal formation, amygdala, firnix
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Gerstmann's syndrome is comprised of:
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Acalculia, finger agnosia, left-right discrimination problems, agraphia
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Six subdivisions of the neurologic exam
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1. Mental status
2. Cranial nerves 3. Motor exam 4. Reflexes 5. Coordination and gait 6. Sensory exam |
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Posterior circulatory system is fed by:
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Subclavian artiery -> Vertebral arteries (join to form Basilar artery)
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Spinothalamic tract point of decussation
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Dorsal root
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Dorsal column-medial lemniscus point of decussation
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Medulla
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