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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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prosencephalon |
telencephalon (cerebral hemispheres, cortex, basal ganglia) and diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) |
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mesencephalon (midbrain) |
peduncles, tectum, tegmentum |
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rhomebencephalon |
metencephalon (pons, cerebellum) and myelencephalon (medulla) |
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development of the neural tube |
neural plate>neural groove>neural crest>neural tube |
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spina bifida |
incomplete development of the laminae and/or spinous processes of the vertebrae with incomplete closure of surface |
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3 vesicle stage |
prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon |
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5 vesicle stage |
telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon |
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choroid plexus function and location |
secretes CSF in lateral ventricles fenestrated |
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blood brain barrier |
have tight junctioned capillary endothelial cells |
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brain parenchyma |
transport from intra to extracellular space |
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plasma vs. CSF |
plasma = protein, Ca+, K+ CSF = Na+, Cl-, H+ |
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hydrocephalus |
enlarged ventricles in brain |
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circumventricular organs |
detect blood chemicals
pineal, neurohypophysis, area postrema, subfornical organ, median eminence |
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area postrema |
chemotactic trigger zone monitors blood for poisons causes mouth to open when vomiting |
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pericyte |
astrocyte (glial cell) wraps around blood vessels |
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cistern |
where csf is pooled |
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multi-drug resistance proteins
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enzymes in bbb that sit on neural cells and remove unwanted particles |
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dura mater layers |
periosteal layer (top) meningeal layer (bottom) |
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cauda equina |
the bottom of the spine where there is no spinal cord (nerves only) |
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vertebrae are different due to... |
gap patterns of expression hox genes |
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mesoderm |
muscle |
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ectoderm |
central nervous system |
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lateral motor pathways |
lateral corticospinal rubrospinal |
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medial motor pathways |
anterior corticospinal tract vestibulospinal tract tectospinal tract reticulospinal tract |
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potential epidural space |
between periosteal dura and the skull |
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lateral corticospinal tract |
cortex>corona radiata>internal capsule>peduncles>pyramid (deccusates)>lateral columns in scord |
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rubrospinal tract |
red nuclei>ventral tegmental decussation>cervical ventral horn>arms
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posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway |
-synapses in nucleus gracilis and cuneatus -crosses over via internal arcuate fibers -primary synapses in ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus (VPLN) -senses touch -ipsilateral until bstem |
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splanchnic nerve |
paired visceral nerve can be para or symp |
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white and grey ramus |
white = inside (first) grey = outside (second) |
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anterolateral pathway |
goes through VPLN of thalamus then to cortex synapses in dorsal horn
crosses in anterior commissure of scord
senses pain |
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periaqueductal grey |
takes pain away from receptors pain modulation |
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which tract senses body pain? |
the spinothalamic tract (part of anterolateral pathway) |
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peduncles |
inferior (input)--| -- cerebellar cortex middle (input)---| superior (output) - cerebral deep nuclei |
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intermediate hemisphere of cerebellum (medial) |
motor to limbs
active during motion
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lateral hemisphere of cerebellum |
planning of motion to limbs
active before motion
lateral corticospinal tract
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vermis of cerebellum |
balance, vestibuloocular reflexes
MLF |
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cortex to cerebellum pathway |
cortex>pons (synapses)>pontocerebellar fibers>middle cerebellar peduncle>cerebellar cortex (purkinje fiber) |
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fibers in middle and inferior cerebellar peduncles |
= mossy fibers |
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fibers from inferior olive |
= climbing fibers |
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purkinje cells |
project to deep cerebellar nuclei > cerebellar outputs |
