* Neuroanatomy Chapter 7

Front 1

In the somatotopic organization of the anterolateral pathway, the feet are most ________ represented

Back 1

Laterally

Front 2

In the somatotopic organization of the posterior column pathway, the feet are most ________ represented

Back 2

Medially

Front 3

Tracts of the anterolateral pathways

Back 3

spinothalmic, spinoreticular and spinomesenchephalic

Front 4

spinothalmic tract

Back 4

Discriminative aspects of pain and temperature (such as location and intensity)

Front 5

Major relay for the spinothalamic tract

Back 5

ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalmus

Front 6

Gracile fasciculus

Back 6

Medial portion of the posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway; carries information from the legs and lower trunk

Front 7

Cuneate fasciculus

Back 7

Later portion of the posterior column-medial lemniscal pathway; carries information from the upper trunk above T6

Front 8

As what and where do the gracile fasciculus and cuneate fasciculus first synapse?

Back 8

Nucleus gracilis and nucleus cuneatus respectively as internal arcuate fibers in the lower medulla

Front 9

What do internal arcuate fibers form? Where do they synapse?

Back 9

They form the medial lemniscus which synapse in the ventral posterior lateral nucleus (VPL) of the thalmus

Front 10

The _______ divides the thalmus into what 3 groups?

Back 10

The internal medullary lamina divides the thalmus into a medial nuclear, a lateral nuclear and an anterior nuclear group

Front 11

What relays in the ventral posterior lateral nuclei?

Back 11

Somatosensory pathways from the spinal cord

Front 12

What relays in the ventral posterior medial nuclei?

Back 12

Cranial nerves

Front 13

What is relayed in the lateral geniculate nucleus?

Back 13

Visual information (Light=Lateral)

Front 14

What is relayed in the medial geniculate nucleus?

Back 14

Auditory information (Music=Medial)

Front 15

What is relayed in the ventral lateral nucleus?

Back 15

Motor pathways

Front 16

Dejerine-Roussy syndrome

Back 16

Lesion of the thalmus causing severe contralateral pain

Front 17

Lhermitte's sign

Back 17

Lesion of cervical sign accompanied by an electricity like sensation running down the back and into the extremities upon neck flexion

Front 18

Hemicord lesion: Brown-Sequard syndrome

Back 18

ipsilateral motor, vibration, proprioception fine touch lost.
contralateral loss of pain and temperature

Front 19

Small central cord lesion

Back 19

Damage to spinothalamic fibers crossing in the ventral commissure. Bilateral regions of suspended sensory loss to pain and temperature, "cape" distribution
Cause?

Hint 19

Spinal cord contusion, syringomyelia, intrinsic spinal cord tumors (hemangioblastoma, ependymoma, or astrocytoma)

Front 20

Large central cord lesion

Back 20

Lose 3 major pathways, have sacral sparing.
Why sacral sparing?
Causes?

Hint 20

Sacral sparing is a result of sacral fibers being most lateral.
Causes: spinal cord contusion, syringomyelia, intrinsic spinal cord tumors (hemangioblastoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma)

Front 21

Posterior cord syndrome

Back 21

Loss of vibration and proprioception
Cause?

Hint 21

Trauma, compression from posterior tumors, ms, b12 deficiency, tertiary syphilis

Front 22

Anterior cord syndrome

Back 22

Loss of pain and temp below level of lesion, weakness at level of lesion, if big enough loss of corticospinal tracts
cause?

Hint 22

Anterior spinal artery infarct, trauma, ms

Front 23

Sensory information from rectum, bladder, urethra and genitalia is conveyed to spinal cord by?

Back 23

Sacral nerve roots S2-S4

Front 24

Urinary and fecal continence is controlled by descending pathways originating where?

Back 24

Mainly in the medial frontal lobes

Front 25

Sudden right arm numbness, extinction, agraphesthesia and astereognosis with preserved primary sensory modalities
Mild fluent aphasia
Difficulty seeing fingers on right side

Back 25

Left postcentral gyrus, primary somatosensory cortex, arm area, and some adjacent left parietal cortex
Cause?

Hint 25

Embolic stroke, occlusion of a cortical branch of the left middle cerebral artery

Front 26

Sudden right face, arm, leg numbness

Back 26

Left ventral posterior thalmus
cause?

Hint 26

Ischemic lacunar infarct of left thalmus

Front 27

A fall causing bilateral leg paralysis
Decreased rectal tone and absent bulbocavernosus reflex
T10 sensory level to all modalities

Back 27

Fractured spine with cord compression at T10

Front 28

Left leg weakness and right numbness below the umbilicus
Impaired bowel and bladder function. Old woman, slow onset, local pain.

Back 28

Left T9 or T10 hemicord lesion with possible involvement of the right cord as well.
Cause?

Hint 28

Tumor compressing the thoracic spinal cord from the left side

Front 29

Sensory loss over both shoulders.
Slow shuffling gait
Car accident when younger

Back 29

Central cord lesion above C5
Cause?

Hint 29

Posttraumatic syringomyelia

Front 30

Syringomyelia

Back 30

Fluid-filled cavity in the spinal cord caused by tumors, congenital abnormalities, trauma

Front 31

Body tingling and unsteady gait
Young woman

Back 31

Posterior columns of the cervical spinal cord
Cause?

Hint 31

multiple sclerosis or myelitis

Front 32

Hand weakness, sensory level to pinprick and temperature.
Urinary retention and fecal incontinence

Back 32

Anterior cord syndrome frrom C7-T1
Cause?

Hint 32

Anterior spinal artery infarct
Possibly myelitis