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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The cortex is an integral structure that supports what?
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Interpretation, perception, and reception (sensory input integrated and associated with each other- relating it to past experiences)
Process and initiate complex motor activities (speech production and swallowing) Memory, higher intelligence, comprehension/expression of lang., retention, music/math, storage/recall, smell, hearing, vision |
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What is the appearance of the cerebral cortex?
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Not homogeneous- layered structure- greyish b/c of concentration of cell bodies
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What is the size of the cerebral cortex?
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Once dissected and ironed out, it's 2 1/5-3 square ft.- branching neurons increase the surface area of hemispheres- extensive
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What are the ways that the cerebral cortex varies from place to place?
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Overall thickness (thinnest over occipital lobe- thickest over precentral gyrus)
Layered structure (# of layers and layers' thickness varies) # of efferent and afferent fibers present in any 1 layer |
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What are the ways that the cerebral cortex is organized?
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Myeloarchitecture (fiber arrangements)
Angioarchitecture (Blood vessel arrangement) Chemoarchitecture (chemical arrangement) *Cytoarchitecture (cell structure) |
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How is cytoarchitecture arranged?
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Horizontal layers and Vertical columns
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What are the horizontal layers?
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1,2,3,4,5,6- varied thickness depending on the kind of cells predominated
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What are the efferent horizontal layers?
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5 & 6 - efferent signals leave the cortex
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What are the afferent horizontal layers?
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1,2,3, &4- afferent signals come to the synapse
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What layer/layers receive afferent signals?
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Layer 1- Molecular
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What are the 6 horizontal layers called?
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1. Molecular
2. External granular 3. External pyramidal 4. Internal granular 5. Internal pyramidal (cells of Betz) 6. Multiform/polymorphic |
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Describe the vertical columns.
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They are different from each other depending on fxn.
Reflect fxnal units/areas- layered similarly, homogeneously, and oraganized- 100 structurally different according to Brodman's areas |
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What is the relationship between the architecture and its various fxns?
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The most superficial layer has long and short association fibers that connect various layers of the cortex
layer 4- primary sensory area- neural cell endings radiate from the thalamus (imp. for sensation) Layer 5- cell of Betz- voluntary motor movement |
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How do messages get sent around the brain?
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It's a network of cerebral fiber connections- 3 major types that connect hemispheres, gyri, and lobes
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What is a Commissural cerebral connection?
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it connects regions across hemispheres w/ homologeous regions of opposite hemisphere- cross midline
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What are the 3 examples of Commissural connections?
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1. Corpus Callosum
2. Anterior Commissure 3. Posterior Commissure |
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What does the corpus callosum connect?
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It connects areas of the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes- fanlike appearance with 3 designated parts- Genu (anterior), Body (middle), and Splenium (posterior)
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What does the anterior commissure connect?
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Anterior temporal lobes, poles, and minor parts of the frontal lobe- inferior to corpus callosum- across hemispheres
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What does the posterior commissure connect?
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Right and Left sides of the brain stem (specifically midbrain-most superior)- connects 2 halves of CNS but NOT hemispheres- least elaborate
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What are the 3 types of cerebral connections?
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Commissural
Association Projection Fibers |
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What are the association connections?
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they interconnect cortical regions w/i the same hemisphere- long and short
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What are short association fibers?
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they connect gyri
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What are long association fibers and what are the 5 types?
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connect lobes w/i same hemisphere
1.arcuate fasciculus 2. inferior longitudinal fasciculus 3. superior longitudinal fasciculus 4. cingulum 5. uncinate fasciculus |
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What does the arcuate fasciculus connect?
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3 lobes- it travels from the auditory cortex, originating in Heschl's gyrus, arches around the Sylvian Fissure superiorly, travels anteriorly into inferior parietal lobe until it reaches Frontal lobe at Broca's area
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What is the arcuate fasciculus used for and why is it so important to us?
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It is used for repeating- shows that you don't have to understand something in order to repeat it
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What does the inferior longitudinal fasciculus connect?
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it's an inferior long fiber tract that connects temporal pole w/ occipital pole on each side
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What does the superior longitudinal fasciculus connect?
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anterior frontal lobe to posterior parietal and occipital lobes
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What does the cingulum connect?
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cingulate gyrus w/ parahippocampal gyrus, subcallosal gyrus, and lobes- runs beneath the cingulate gyrus- arches over and around corpus callosum- w/i cingulum short association fibers
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What does the uncinate fasciculus connect?
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anterior, inferior frontal lobes to the temporal poles on each side
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What do the projection fibers connect?
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they project back and forth bt hemispheres in specific areas and the thalamus- stays w/i one hemisphere
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