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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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generally made up of :
Brain, Brainstem and Spinal Cord |
CNS
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what groove superficially separates each hemisphere of the brain?
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longitudinal/saggital fissure
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what divides the frontal and parietal lobes
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central sulcus
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what divides the parietal and occipital lobes
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parieto-occipital sulcus
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what divides the frontal sulcus and the parietal from the temporal
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lateral sulcus
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what is the 5th internal lobe called the emotional cortex?
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insular lobe
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contains the first 3 layers of the cortex
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archicortex
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contains that the layers 3-5 of the cortex
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paleocortex
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fibers that join and provide communication of both hemispheres of brain?
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corpus callosum
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the anterior pituitary
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adenohypophysis
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the posterior pitiuitary
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neurohypophysis
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another name for the neocortex with ___ layers
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homogenetic cortex
6 |
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another name for the archicortex
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heterogenetic cortex
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the precentral gyrus is located in the ____ lobe and is considered the _____ cortex
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frontal
primary motor |
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the major output of the precentral gyrus is the ____ tract
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corticospinal
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involved in tracking stimulus with both eyes as conjugate voluntary movements of eye ? #?
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Frontal Eyefields
8 |
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Broadmann's #6
located on medial surface lesions = akinesia |
Supplemental Motor cortex
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association cortex
abstract thinking/decision making anticipation of action ?#? |
9-12
Prefrontal cortex |
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Motor Speech
Output to facial muscles and tongue Lesion = expressive aphasia #? |
Broca's Motor Speech Area
44,45 |
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The Postcentral gyrus (1,2,3) is located on ____ lobe and is considered the ___ cortex?
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parietal
sensory |
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what is the major output of the primary sensory cortex?
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primary (precentral) motor cortex
(20-30%) directly to pyramidal tract |
I
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a lot of different sensory modalities?
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multimodal
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the ability to define the shape of things holding hand or on foot?
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sterognosis
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no recognition of one side of body is usually a lesion in the ____?
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post central gyrus
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inability to button ones clothes or comb ones hair when asked, and inability to manipulate tools even though it is understood how to use them?
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ideomotor apraxia
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inability to perform facial-oral movements on command
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Facial apraxia
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Primary Visual Cortex is ____# and is located in the ____ lobe
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17
occipital |
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Lesion to the occipital lobe may result in
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blindness
visual hallucinations alexia agraphia r/l confusion |
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inability to recognize an object or person by sight
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Prosopagnosia
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Broadmann's # 18/19 are the
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Visual Association Cortex
Posterior Parietal Cortex |
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association area related to interpretation and expression of language via visual stimuli is the _____ and is considered the Visual Association Cortex
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Angular Gyrus
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inability to read
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alexia
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inability to write
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agraphia
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Contains the:
Primary Auditory Cortex Auditory Association Cortex Wernicke's Receptive Speech area Gustatory Cortex Insula " emotional" cortex |
Temporal lobe
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lesion here may result in deafness or aphasia / speech salad
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Temporal lobe
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Which cranial nerves are a part of the ANS?
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3, 7, 9, 10
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the ventral roots contain the cell bodies of what type of nerves?
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motor neurons
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how many total spinal cord nerves are present
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32-33
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how many cervical spinal nerves exist?
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8
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how many thoracic spinal nerves exsit?
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12
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how many lumbar spinal nerves exist?
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5
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how many sacral spinal nerves exist?
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5
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how many coccygeal spinal nerves exist?
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2-4
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what level of the body does the spinal cord terminate at?
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L-2
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thelumbosacral cistern with CSF with the rest of the lumbar / sacral spinal nerves form the tail of the cord called?
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Cauda Equina
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consists of the sensory/afferent cell nerve cells in the _______ gray (matter) horn of spinal cord, deemed the ____ plate
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dorsal/post.
alar |
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consists of the motor/efferent nerve cells in the ______ gray (matter) horn of spinal cord, deemed the ___ plate
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ventral/ant.
basar |
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the ventral aspect of the gray horn is enlarged in the C6 and L3 region...why?
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upper and lower extremity innervation
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Dorsal Root Ganglia contain what type of nerve body?
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Pseudounipolar
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anterior and posterior roots come together to form
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rami
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the parasympathetic system specifically contains what cranial/spinal nerves?
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CN 3, 7, 9, 10
S2, 3, 4 |
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what specific thoracic/lumbar nerves are involved in the sympathetic nervous system?
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T1-12
L1,2,3 |
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the cellular components the nervous system arrive from _______
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neural ectoderm
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One is alloted about _____ neurons at birth
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10 billion
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the germinal centers around the neural tube will give rise to?
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neuroblasts ----> neurons
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derived from neural epithelium, ______ are cells that fxn to support, repair and store for the sake of the neuron
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glioblasts (macroglia)
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neural epithelium gives rise to _____ which become_______ that line the ventricular chambers, central canal, and spinal cord
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ependymoblasts ---->
ependymal cells |
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neural epithelium gives rise to _____ that are of _____ origin and are laid down after vasculature as formed and are believed to be defense cells
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microglia
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DRG fderives from ____ in utero
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neural crest cells
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Schwann cells / Chromaffin cells derive from ______
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neural crest cells
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Melanocytes derive from _____
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neural crest cells
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What 3 cell types derive from neural epithelium?
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1) neurons
2) ependymal cells 3) gliobast |
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What are the 2 major types of glioblasts?
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1) Astroblasts/cyte
2) Oligodendroblasts/cytes |
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the PNS neurons derives from ?
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neural crest cells
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is axon hillock myelinated?
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no
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multipolar are generally located in the_______ because they possess what feature?
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CNS
short axons |
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epineurium is made up of what?
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areolar CT
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many neurons travelling together forms a _______
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fasciculus
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nerve fasciculi are covered by______
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perineural epithelium and CT
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which of the A fibers has the fastest conduction velocity?
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A alpha
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which of the A fibers has the slowest conduction velocity?
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A delta
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A alpha fibers have a maximum :
conduction velocity = diameter = |
120m/sec
20 micrometers |
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Which nerve fiber is myelinated (A or C)
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A alpha, beta, gamma, delta
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What of the sensory nerve fibers has the slowest conduction velocity?
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Type IV
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Type Ia fibers are associated with?
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muscle spindles
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Type Ib fibers are associated with?
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muscle tendons
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Type II fibers are associated with?
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muscle spindle
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Type III fibers are associated with?
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Deep pressure and touch, pricking pain (fast)
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Type IV fibers are associated with?
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slower pain transmission
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Motor: Post-ganglionic: Sympathetic neuron are generally what type of fiber
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C
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What are the 2 main types of motor fibers?
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Type A alpha
Type A gamma |
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myelinated preganglionic autonomic fibers are what type of fiber?
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B fibers
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unmyelinated postganglionic autonomic fibers?
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C fibers (motor)
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what type of cells would be responsible for nerve regeneration over time?
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neuroglia
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what are the 2 types of astrocytes?
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Fibrous
Protoplasmic |
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What are the 3 types of Oligodendrocytes?
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Perineuronal
Infrafascicular Perivascular |
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What is the fxn of Perineuronal Oligodendrocytes?
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satellite cells (ion exchange w/ neuron)
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What is the fx of Infrascicular Oligodendrocytes?
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produces myelin
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What is the fxn of Perivascular Oligodendrocytes?
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surrounds vasculature
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What are the largest and most numerous glial cells?
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astrocytes
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What is the most prevalent type of astrocyte
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fibrous
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fibrous astrocytes are found primarily in?
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white matter
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protoplasmic astrocytes are found primarily in?
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gray matter
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What astrocyte type generally have perivascular feet that interpose between blood vessels of brain and contribute to BBB?
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fibrous
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What astrocyte type are found typically 'bush-like' in shape and help neuron maintain NT availability
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protoplasmic
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what type of neuronal cell forms glial scars?
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astrocytes
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regulates extracellular K+
maintains GABA / glutamate supply energy needs of neurons |
astrocytes
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are oligodendrocytes more likely to be found in white matter or gray matter?
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white
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what type of oligodendrocyte IS likely to be found in gray matter?
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perineural
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how many axons can oligodendrocytes myelinate at once?
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7-70
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how many axon can schwann cells myelinate at once?
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1
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what type of oligodendrocyte is involved in pH regulation via carbonic anhydrase?
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Interfascicular
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what type of neuronal cell is activated by inflammation?
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Microglia
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where are microglia found?
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both white and gray matter
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what cell type helps form the choroid plexus and possesses microvilli?
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ependymal cell
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