Neuroanatomy 4 - Brainstem

Front 1

Which CN are purely motor?

Back 1

3, 4, 6, 12

Front 2

What is special about the location of the Trochlear Nerve?

Back 2

it exits dorsally, and its axons are completely crossed

Front 3

What axons control sympathetic tone?

Back 3

descending hypothalamic axons

Front 4

Which axons cross at the pyramidal decussation?

Back 4

CST

Front 5

In the 3 basic spinal cord systems, where are the effects of a lesion in the brainstem?

Back 5

contralateral and below the lesion

Front 6

Which 2 CN exit in the midbrain?

Back 6

3 and 4

Front 7

Which 4 CN exit in the pons?

Back 7

5, 6, 7, and 8

Front 8

Which 3 CN exit in the upper medulla?

Back 8

9, 10, and 12

Front 9

In the brainstem, sensory is (medial/lateral) and motor is (medial/lateral).

Back 9

sensory - lateral
motor - medial

Front 10

What separates the motor and sensory nuclei of the brainstem?

Back 10

the sulcus limitans

Front 11

In the brainstem, are the motor columns continuous or discontinuous? the sensory columns?

Back 11

the motor columns are discontinuous and the sensory columns are continuous

Front 12

What are UMNs called that connect the cortex and the brainstem?

Back 12

corticobulbar neurons

Front 13

Is UMN innervation to LMN in cranial nerves ipsilateral, contralatera, or bilateral? What is the exception?

Back 13

bilateral; the exxception is that only some of the LMN of the facial nerve are bilaterally innervated (shut eye, wrinkle forehead)

Front 14

What does paralysis of the facial nerve result in?

Back 14

Bell's palsy

Front 15

What is special about the neurons in the mesencephalic nucleus?

Back 15

they are neural crest neurons, with their cell bodies migrated to the inside of the brain stem

Front 16

What are 4 components of the midbrain?

Back 16

1. colliculi (little bumps)
2. cerebral aqueduct (bullet hole)
3. cerebral penduncles
4. CN 3 and 4

Front 17

What are 3 components of the rostral pons?

Back 17

1. IVth ventricle
2. CN 5
3. Two CN 5 nuclei

Front 18

What are 2 components of the caudal pons?

Back 18

1. IVth ventricle
2. CN 6, 7, and 8

Front 19

What are 4 components of the rostral medulla?

Back 19

1. IVth ventricle
2. Olive
3. CN 9, 10, and 11

Front 20

What are 2 components of the caudal medulla?

Back 20

Crossing axons of both the
1. medial lemniscus
2. corticospinal/pyrimidal decussation

Front 21

What are the 3 subdivisions of the spinal nucleus?

Back 21

Pars oralis
Pars interpolaris
Pars caudalis

Front 22

In the trigeminal system, where are the third neurons in the thalamus?

Back 22

in the VMP - ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus

Front 23

What is the 2nd neuron tract called in the trigeminal system?

Back 23

the trigeminothalamic tract

Front 24

For just pain and temperature, the face has what kind of topography in the spinal nucleus of V?

Back 24

onion skin

Front 25

What does a lesion of the descending hypothalamic axons result in?

Back 25

Horner's syndrome

Front 26

Descending hypothalamic fibers course through the (medial/lateral) part of the brainstem with the ______________ tract.

Back 26

lateral part of brainstem with the spinothalamic (anterolateral) tract

Front 27

What do the descending hypothalamic fibers innervate?

Back 27

preganglionic sympathetic neurons

Front 28

What will a lesion of the spinothalamic tract in the brainstem result in?

Back 28

loss of pain and temperature sensations from the upper and lower limb, neck, and trunk CONTRALATERAL and below the lesion

Front 29

Horner's syndrome is always (ipsilateral/contralateral) to the side of the lesion in the descending hypothalamic axons.

Back 29

ipsilateral

Front 30

Where do the descending hypothalamic axons cross?

Back 30

they DO NOT CROSS

Front 31

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with internal strabismus?

Back 31

abducens

Front 32

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with uvula deviation during swallowing?

Back 32

Nucleus ambiguus

Front 33

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with diplopia and ptosis?

Back 33

oculomotor nucleus

Front 34

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with hoarseness?

Back 34

Nucleus ambiguus

Front 35

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with the loss of the motor limb of the blink reflex?

Back 35

facial motor nucleus

Front 36

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with a laterally deviated eye?

Back 36

the oculomotor nucleus

Front 37

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with the loss of the motor limb of the gag reflex?

Back 37

Nucleus ambiguus

Front 38

Which brainstem nucleus is most closely associated with the inability to depress the adducted eye?

Back 38

the trochlear nucleus

Front 39

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with the jaw deviating upon protrusion?

Back 39

motor nucleus of V

Front 40

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with the loss of pain and temperature sensations from the face?

Back 40

spinal nucleus of V

Front 41

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with no accomodation?

Back 41

Edinger-Westphal

Front 42

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with the eye being dry and red?

Back 42

Superior salivatory nucleus

Front 43

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with the loss of the ability to adduct an eye?

Back 43

Oculomotor nucleus

Front 44

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with altered taste from ALL OF the tongue?

Back 44

solitary nucleus

Front 45

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with disruption of the sensory limb of the jaw-jerk reflex?

Back 45

mesencephalic nucleus of V

Front 46

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with being unable to shut an eye?

Back 46

facial motor nucleus

Front 47

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with hyperacusis?

Back 47

facial motor nucleus

Front 48

Which brainstem nucleus is associated with delayed gastric emptying?

Back 48

dorsal motor nucleus of X