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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anosmia
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absences of smell sensation
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Hyposmia
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decreased smell sensation
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Dysosmia
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distortion of smell sensation
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Cacosmia
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sensation of a bad or foul smell
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Parosmia
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sensation of smell in the absence of appropriate stimulus
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Kallman syndrome
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hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
-lack of pituitary hormones LH and FSH leading to delayed puberty -abnormal development of sex characteristics |
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Foster Kennedy syndrome
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Meningioma of olfactory groove compresses the olfactory tract and optic nerve
-ipsilateral anosmia, optic atrophy and contralateral papilledema |
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Uncinate fits
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aura of foul smelling odor along with involuntary lip and tongue movement prior to seizure
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Fracture of the anterior cranial fossa
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cribiform plate often involved
anosmia CSF rhinorrhea (running nose) -leaking/exposed CSF is potential pathway for meningitis |
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sense of smell deterioration as an early symptom of Parkinson's and Alzheimer's is due to
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loss of neurons in the corticomedial nuclei of the amygdala
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Aguesia
(gustatory anesthesia) |
loss of taste sensation
most commonly caused by heavy smoking most frequently associated with peripheral lesions of CN VII (bell palsy and disease of the middle ear chorda tympani) and CN IX |
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Geniculate ganglion
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Cranial Nerve VII
Anterior 2/3 of tongue receives information from fungiform taste buds for mainly salty and sweet and the greater petrosal nerve from the palate |
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Petrosal ganglion
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Cranial Nerve IX
Posterior 1/3 of tongue receives information from Circumvillate and Foliate taste buds for Bitter and Sour (respectively) |
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Nodose ganglion
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Cranial Nerve X
receives information from the epiglottis and palate |
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Diencephalon structures
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Thalamus
Hypothalamus Subthalamic Nuclei Epithalamus |
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Midbrain structures
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Substantial Nigra
Ventral Tegmental Area Red Nucleus Periaquaductal Gray Superior Colliculus Inferior Colliculus |
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Dopamine
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Produced by Dopaminergic nuclei in Pars Compacta in Substantia Nigra
contains granules of melanin pigment Role in motor control connection with striatum loss in Parkinson's disease also found in Ventral Tegmental area projecting to frontal lobe and limbic area for reward and pleasure |
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GABA
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produced by GABAergic nuerons in Pars Retiuclate in Substatntia Nigra
porjects to thalamus and superior colliculus |
