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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ventral spinocerebellar tract
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peripheral sensory
leg proprioceptions running in the superior peduncle from the midbrain & pons to the cerebellum |
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Mesencephalic trigeminal nuclei
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peripheral sensory
chewing proprioception runniong in the superior peduncle from the midebrain & pons to the cerebellum |
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Ipsolateral red nucleus
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in the superioer peduncle from the midbrain & pons
receives cerebellar motor advice sends out to the contralateral rubrospinal tract to the corticospinal tract |
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Contralateral pontine nuclei
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middle peduncle in the pons running to the cerebellum
receives motor command copy from the cerebral cortex via corticopontine tract sends motor command copy cerebllum |
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Dorsal spinocerebellar tract
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peripheral sensory
leg proprioception running in the inferior peduncle from the medulla to the cerebellum |
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Cuneocerbellar tract
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peripheral sensory
Inferior peduncle running from the medulla to the cerebellum receives information from the lateral/accessory cuneate nucleus about arm proprioception |
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Arcuate nucleus
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receives motor command copy from pyramidal tract
sends information to cerebellum through the inferior peduncle |
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Ataxia associations...
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cerebellar function associated...
lesion in red nucleus = contralateral lesion in lateral pons, medulla = ipsilateral |
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Palsy assocations...
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cerebral cortex function associated...
lesion in lateral midbrain, pons, ventral-medial medulla = contralateral |
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sulcus limitans
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rungs longitudinally separating sensory alar plate derivatives and motor basal plate derivatives
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Cranial Nerve I
(Olfactory) |
Special Visceral Afferent: smell
olfactory blub (nucleus)← olfactory epithelium the only CN that projects directly to the cortex (others relay to cortex via thalamus) |
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Anosmia
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Ipsilatera loss of olfactory sensation
anteroposterior impact, fracture to saggital suture, tearing olfactory fibers, frontal lob tummor compressing on olfactory tract |
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Cranial Nerve II
(Optic) |
Special Somatic Afferent: vision
Lateral geniculate nuclei (thalamus)←retina General Visceral Afferent: pupilary light reflex Edinger Westphal nuclei ← reticular formation ← superior colliculi (midbrain) ← retina |
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Occular motor complex
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Edinger Westphal nuclei and occular motor nuclei
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Cranial Nerve III
(Occulomotor) |
General Somatic Efferent: occular positioning
Occular motor complex→medial rectus, ingerior rectus, inferior oblique, superior rectus (contralateral), levator palpebrae superioris (contralateral) General Visceral Efferent: light reflex Edinger Westphal nuclei → pupil contraction (sphincter pupilae, lens accomodation (ciliary muscle) |
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Unilateral brain stem lesion effect on superior branches to the eye
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contralateral eye movement symptons
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Cranial nerve lesion or unilateral brain stem lesion effect on inferior branches to the eye
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ipsilateral eye movement symptoms
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Cranial Nerve IV
(Trochlear) |
General Somatic Efferent: occular positioning
troclear nuclei → superior obliques (intortion) the only nerve leavinghte brainstem dorsally and projecting contralaterally (others decussate) |
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Cranial Nerve VI
(Abducen) |
General Somatic Efferent: occular positioning
abducens nuclei→lateral rectus and contralateral occulomotor nucleus via Medial Longitutdinal Fasiculous to coordinate conjugate movement |
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Muscles and nerves involved in pupil depression
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inferior rectus (CN III) and superior oblique (contralateral CN IV)
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Muscles and nerves involved in pupil elevation
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superior rectus (contralateral CN III) and inferior oblique (CN III)
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Muscles and nerves involved in crossing eyes (vergence and accomodation)
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medial rectus (CN III) and cilary muscles (Edinger Westphal nucleus)
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Pathway for light reflex/pupil constrction
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either or both retina → CN II → pretectal area / superior colliclus → bilateral Edinger Westphal nuclei → both CN III → both iris
exception: blind retina will respond to but not initiate a reaction |
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Raymond's Syndrome
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Impaired conjugate gaze towrads side of lesion
CN VI lesion but Medial Longitudinal Fasciculous not affected contralateral eye can still adduct but with out ipsilateral eye abduction conjugate gaze to other side unaffected |
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Foville's Syndrome
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Impaired conjugate gaze
abduncen nucleus knocked out neither eye can move laterally towards side of lesion conjugate gaze to other side unaffected |
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Cranial Nerve V
(Trigeminal) |
Opthalmic, Maxillary and Mandibular divisions
Special Visceral Efferect: Brachial Motor Trigeminal motor nuclei → muscles of mastication, tensor Typani, tensor Palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric muscle General Somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Trigeminal sensory nuclei ← touch, pain, temperature from face, dura and mucos membrains; jaw proprioception Trigeminal nuclei also receives skin feedback from CN VII (ear), IX (throat) and X (ear and pharynx) |
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Mesencephalic nucleus
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Secondary trigeminal nerve nucleus
proprioception from mastication muscles |
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Pontine trigeminal nucleus
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Secondary trigeminal nerve nucleus
facial touch and sensation |
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Nucleus of the spinal tract
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Secondary trigeminal nerve nucleus
pain and temperature of the head |
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Cranial Nerve VII
(Facial) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial Motor (facial expression)
facial motor nucleus →facial expression muscles Superior olivary nuclei→facial motor nuclei→stapedius (middle ear) General Visceral Efferent: Parasympathetic: tear and saliva Superior salivatory nuclei→lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands Special Visceral Afferent: Taste gustatory nuclei General somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Tigerminal nuclei←skin outside ear |
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Cranial Nerve VIII
(Vestibulocochlear) |
Special Somatic Afferent: Hearing
cochlear nerve and nucleus←organ of corti Special Somatic Afferent: Head orientation vestibular nerve and nuclei←semicircular canals, utricular and saccular macula |
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Cranial Nerve IX
(glossal pharyngeal) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial motor
nuclei ambiguus→stylopharyngeus m. General Cisceral Efferent: Parasympathetic (Saliva) Inferior salivatory nuclei→parotid gland Special Visceral Afferent: Taste Gustatory nuclei←posterior 1/3 of tongue General Visceral Afferent: blood pressure solitary nuclei←barroreceptor feedback from carotid sinus and body General Somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Trigeminal spinal nuclei←poster 1/3 of tongue and tympanic membrane |
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Cranial Nerve X
(Vagus) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial motor (swallowing, etc.)
nucleus ambiguus→pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus General Visceral Efferent: Autonomic control dorsal motor nuclei→splenic colon flexure Special Visceral Afferent: Taste gustatory nuclei←epiglottic region General Visceral Afferent: blood pressure solitary nuclei←Visceral sensory from larynx esophagus, trachea, abdomin, thorax and aortic arch stretch receptors General Somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Trigeminal spinal nuclei←skin around ear, pharynx and dura |
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Cranial Nerve XI
(Spinal Accessory) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchialmotor (swallowing), neck
nuclei ambiguus→larynx and pharynx (cranial root) Spinal accessory nuclei→trapezius aand sternocleidomastoid (spinal root) |
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Cranial Nerve VII
(Facial) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial Motor (facial expression)
facial motor nucleus →facial expression muscles Superior olivary nuclei→facial motor nuclei→stapedius (middle ear) General Visceral Efferent: Parasympathetic: tear and saliva Superior salivatory nuclei→lacrimal, submandibular and sublingual glands Special Visceral Afferent: Taste gustatory nuclei General somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Tigerminal nuclei←skin outside ear |
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Cranial Nerve VIII
(Vestibulocochlear) |
Special Somatic Afferent: Hearing
cochlear nerve and nucleus←organ of corti Special Somatic Afferent: Head orientation vestibular nerve and nuclei←semicircular canals, utricular and saccular macula |
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Cranial Nerve IX
(glossal pharyngeal) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial motor
nuclei ambiguus→stylopharyngeus m. General Cisceral Efferent: Parasympathetic (Saliva) Inferior salivatory nuclei→parotid gland Special Visceral Afferent: Taste Gustatory nuclei←posterior 1/3 of tongue General Visceral Afferent: blood pressure solitary nuclei←barroreceptor feedback from carotid sinus and body General Somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Trigeminal spinal nuclei←poster 1/3 of tongue and tympanic membrane |
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Cranial Nerve X
(Vagus) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchial motor (swallowing, etc.)
nucleus ambiguus→pharynx, larynx, upper esophagus General Visceral Efferent: Autonomic control dorsal motor nuclei→splenic colon flexure Special Visceral Afferent: Taste gustatory nuclei←epiglottic region General Visceral Afferent: blood pressure solitary nuclei←Visceral sensory from larynx esophagus, trachea, abdomin, thorax and aortic arch stretch receptors General Somatic Afferent: Somatosensation Trigeminal spinal nuclei←skin around ear, pharynx and dura |
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Cranial Nerve XI
(Spinal Accessory) |
Special Visceral Efferent: Branchialmotor (swallowing), neck
nuclei ambiguus→larynx and pharynx (cranial root) Spinal accessory nuclei→trapezius aand sternocleidomastoid (spinal root) |
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Cranial Nerve XII
(Hypoglossal) |
General Somatic Efferent: tongue control
hypoglossal nuclei→internal and external muscles of the tongue |
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Hypoglossal nerve palsy
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tongue deviates to weak side due to unopposed action of contralateral genioglossus muscle
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Afferent Cranial Nerves
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Olfactiory (CN I) - smell
Optic (CN II) -vision Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - auditory |
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Both (mixed afferent and efferent) Cranial Nerves
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Trigeminal (V) - jaw, middle ear
Facial (VII) - face, midde ear Glossopharyngeal) (IX) - pharynx Vagus (X)- larynx, pharynx |
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Motor Cranial Nerves
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Occulomotor (III) - eye, pupil, eyelid
Trochlear (IV) - eye Abducen (VI) - eye Accessory (XI) - jaw Hypoglossal (XII) - tongue |
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General Somatic Sensory nuclei and nerves
(touch, pain, temperature) |
Trigeminal Mesencephalic nuclei (midbrain): CN V - jaw proprioception
Trigeminal Pontine nuclei (pons): CN V - face touch, proprioception Tigeminal Spinal nuclei (medullar): CN V - face, oral cavity, CN VII ear canal, CN IX - Phayrnx (swallowing), CN X - throat, vocals |
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Special Somatic Sensory nuclei and nerves
(vision, hearing, balance) |
Lateral geniculate (thalamus): CN II - vision
Cochlear nuclei (medulla): CN VIII - hearing Vesibular nuclei (medulla): CN VIII - head orientation |
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General Visceral Afferent nuclei and nerves
(heart, intestine, pupil light reflex) |
Superior colliculus (tectum): CN II - light reflex
Solitary nuclei (medulla): CN IX - blood pressure, CN X Respiratory, cardio, digestive |
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Special Visceral Afferent nuclei and nerves
(smell and taste) |
Olfactory bulb (): CN I -
Solitary nuclei (medulla): CN IX - blood pressure, CN X Respiratory, cardio, digestive (gustatory part in pons) CN VII - taste |
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General Somatic Efferent
(motor nuerons to skeletal muscles) |
occulomotor nuclei (midbrain): CN III - eyes
Trochlear nuclie (midbrain): CN IV - eyes Abducens nuclei (pons): CN VI - eyes Hypoglossal nuclei (medulla): CN XII - tongue |
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General Visceral Efferent
(motor neurons to heart muscles, smooth muscles, glands, preganglionic autonomic fibers) |
Edinger Westphal nuclei (midbrain): CN III - pupil constriction
Salivatory nuclei (medulla): CN VII - mouth, CN IX - parotid gland Dorsal vagus nuclei (medullar): CN X - gastrointestinal and heart |
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Special Visceral Efferent
(motor neurons to branchial muscles, pharynx, larynx, middle ear) |
Trigeminal motor nuclei (pons): CN V - jaw, upper neck
Facial nuclei (pons/medulla): CN VII - face, upper neck Ambiguus nuclei (medulla): CN IX - Pharynx (Swallowing), CN X - throat, vocals Accessory nuclei (medulla) - CN XI - neck, shoulders |
