Neuroanatomy 18: Limbic System: Homeostasis, Olfaction, Memory, Emotion

Front 1

Unilateral lesion of medial temporal lobe leads to what type of memory defect?

Back 1

typically no severe memory loss, only bilateral lesions present with memory loss

Front 2

Bilateral medial temporal lesions present with ...

Back 2

loss of declarative memory

Front 3

What is declarative memory?

Back 3

conscious recollection of facts or experiences

Front 4

What is implicit memory?

Back 4

subconscious learning (i.e. conditioning)

Front 5

Unilateral lesion of the dominant medial temporal lobe leads to ...

Back 5

deficits in verbal memory

Front 6

Unilateral lesion of the non-dominant medial temporal lobe leads to ...

Back 6

deficits visual-spatial memory

Front 7

Giving a patient several words and testing their recall 5 minutes later tests what type of memory?

Back 7

recent

Front 8

Bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe lead to what type of amnesia?

Back 8

anterograde mostly, some retrograde right before the lesion occurred

Front 9

A right handed patient presents with deficits in visual-spatial memory and some memory loss. Which artery may have a clot?

Back 9

Right (non-dominant) PCA distal branches

Front 10

A patient has bilateral medial temporal infarction with memory loss. Which artery is most likely to have a blockage?

Back 10

Basilar artery (before it becomes the PCA, it is one artery. If this one artery is blocked before it splits into many, it can lead to BILATERAL infarction)

Front 11

A patient presents with ataxia, nystagmus and confusion. Which vitamin might we suggest supplementing?

Back 11

thiamine

Front 12

Normally patients have memories from between seizures. A patient is unable to remember what occurred between seizures. Dx:

Back 12

hippocampal sclerosis of medial temporal lobe

Front 13

Why does Alzheimer's lead to memory loss?

Back 13

atrophy is seen preferentially in bilateral hippocampus, forebrain and temporal structures

Front 14

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome presents with what type of patient?

Back 14

tame, non-aggressive patient due to bilateral amygdala lesions

Front 15

Amygdala is connected to the hypothalamus via...

Back 15

stria terminalis ("long way around")

Front 16

Amygdala is connected to the forebrain and brainstem via...

Back 16

ventral amygdalofugal pathway (short way around)

Front 17

Partial seizure

Back 17

abnormal electric activity in a local brain area

Front 18

Generalized

Back 18

abnormal electric activity in all scattered brain area

Front 19

Partial seizure that becomes generalized is called ...

Back 19

secondary generalized

Front 20

Musical hallucinations are more common in seizures of which hemisphere (dominant or non-dominant)

Back 20

non-dominant

Front 21

Simple partial seizures become complex partial seizure when a patient ...

Back 21

loses consciousness

Front 22

Absence seizures have waves at what frequency?

Back 22

3-4Hz spike wave

Front 23

1st line agents for status epilepticus

Back 23

benzodiazepines and phenytoin

Front 24

What is status epilepticus?

Back 24

repetitive seizure activity of any kind

Front 25

Autosomal dominant; causes night seizures in children. Dx:

Back 25

Rolandic Seizure

Front 26

Purpose of angiogram Wada test?

Back 26

determine which hemisphere is language dominant

Front 27

Major neurotransmitter abnormality of schizophrenia

Back 27

high dopamine; decreased dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

Front 28

Major neurotransmitter abnormality of OCD

Back 28

low serotonin

Front 29

Major neurotransmitter abnormality in anxiety

Back 29

high NE and serotonin; give benzodiazepines; amygdala

Front 30

Major neurotransmitter abnormality of depression

Back 30

low serotonin/adrenergics

Front 31

what is working memory?

Back 31

holding a concept in awareness while performing a mental function

Front 32

working memory requires what part of the brain?

Back 32

dorsolateral prefrontal association cortex

Front 33

recent memory may be impaired by the dysunction of what parts of the brain?

Back 33

bilateral medial temporal or medial diencephalic regions

Front 34

what parts of the brain are involved in consolidation of declarative memoroies into the neocortex?

Back 34

medial temporal and diencephalic structure

Front 35

memory loss is often prominent in global cerebral anoxia due to the vulnerability of?

Back 35

CA1 of the hippocampus

Front 36

wernicke korsakoff syndrome is caused by deficiency of what?

Back 36

thaimine

Front 37

what are the syx of wenicke korsakoff?

Back 37

1- eye movement abnormalities 2- confusion 3- amenesia and other frontal lobe

Front 38

what is the amnesia in WK caused by?

Back 38

bilateral diencephalic lesions

Front 39

what is called when a pt abruptly develops anterograde and retrograde amnesia with no other deficits or cause?

Back 39

transient global amnesia - it lasts for 4-12hr then pt has full recovery

Front 40

structures involved in "attention" or "registration"

Back 40

brainstem- diencephalic activating systems; frontoparietal association networks; specific unimodal and heteromodal cortices

Front 41

structures involved in "working memory"

Back 41

frontal association cortex

Front 42

structures involved in "consolidation"

Back 42

medial temporal structures

Front 43

what type of amnesia does dissociation, repression, conversion, and malingering share?

Back 43

psychogenic amnesia

Front 44

psychogenic amensia is a result of a lesion where?

Back 44

no lesion; all emotional

Front 45

where is the amgydala?

Back 45

anteriomedial temporal lobe

Front 46

corticomedial nucleus is involved in olfaction and in interactions of the hypothalamus related to _____ states

Back 46

appetitive

Front 47

central nucleus of amygdala is _____ and important in ____ control

Back 47

smallest; autonomic

Front 48

basolateral nucleus is ____ and is used to connect to the _____

Back 48

largest, cortex

Front 49

what area of the amgydala is important for pleasure?

Back 49

septal area

Front 50

partial seizures may have positive syx or negative syx

Back 50

like hand twitching, impaired language

Front 51

if a seizure occurs in the somatosensory cortex, then there may be....

Back 51

contralateral somatosensory phenomena

Front 52

auras are often associated with seizures in which part of the brain?

Back 52

medial temporal limbic structures

Front 53

focal weakness post ictal is known as

Back 53

Toddi's paresis

Front 54

where is the most common cause of complex partial seizures?

Back 54

temporal lobe

Front 55

if you have vertigo during a seizure, which lobe is it most likely in?

Back 55

parietal

Front 56

riding epigastrium, nausea, deja vu, dear, autsominc phenomenona with contralateral dystonia, which lobe is your siezure in?

Back 56

medial temporal

Front 57

if you have vertigo, inaibility to hear, hear buzzing, roaring, or any auditory hallucinations, which lobe is your seizure in?

Back 57

lateral temporal

Front 58

ipsilateral basal ganglia are often involved causing contralateral dystonia or immobilitiy in ______ lobe seizures

Back 58

temporal

Front 59

what is post ictal breathing?

Back 59

deep to compensate for the mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis produced by the seizure

Front 60

absence seizures are provoked by

Back 60

hyperevntiliation, strobe lights, sleep deprivation

Front 61

What can cause seizures?
high or low sugar? high or low sodium? high or low calcium? high or low magnesium?

Back 61

low sugar. high or low sodium. low calcium. low magnesium

Front 62

prolonged febrile seizures can cause?

Back 62

temporal lobe epilepsy thought hippocampal sclerosis

Front 63

right frontal lesion tend to produce

Back 63

abnormally elevated mood

Front 64

left frontal lesion tend to produce

Back 64

depressed mood