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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Unilateral lesion of medial temporal lobe leads to what type of memory defect?
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typically no severe memory loss, only bilateral lesions present with memory loss
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Bilateral medial temporal lesions present with ...
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loss of declarative memory
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What is declarative memory?
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conscious recollection of facts or experiences
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What is implicit memory?
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subconscious learning (i.e. conditioning)
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Unilateral lesion of the dominant medial temporal lobe leads to ...
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deficits in verbal memory
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Unilateral lesion of the non-dominant medial temporal lobe leads to ...
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deficits visual-spatial memory
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Giving a patient several words and testing their recall 5 minutes later tests what type of memory?
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recent
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Bilateral lesions of the medial temporal lobe lead to what type of amnesia?
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anterograde mostly, some retrograde right before the lesion occurred
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A right handed patient presents with deficits in visual-spatial memory and some memory loss. Which artery may have a clot?
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Right (non-dominant) PCA distal branches
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A patient has bilateral medial temporal infarction with memory loss. Which artery is most likely to have a blockage?
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Basilar artery (before it becomes the PCA, it is one artery. If this one artery is blocked before it splits into many, it can lead to BILATERAL infarction)
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A patient presents with ataxia, nystagmus and confusion. Which vitamin might we suggest supplementing?
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thiamine
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Normally patients have memories from between seizures. A patient is unable to remember what occurred between seizures. Dx:
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hippocampal sclerosis of medial temporal lobe
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Why does Alzheimer's lead to memory loss?
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atrophy is seen preferentially in bilateral hippocampus, forebrain and temporal structures
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Kluver-Bucy Syndrome presents with what type of patient?
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tame, non-aggressive patient due to bilateral amygdala lesions
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Amygdala is connected to the hypothalamus via...
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stria terminalis ("long way around")
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Amygdala is connected to the forebrain and brainstem via...
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ventral amygdalofugal pathway (short way around)
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Partial seizure
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abnormal electric activity in a local brain area
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Generalized
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abnormal electric activity in all scattered brain area
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Partial seizure that becomes generalized is called ...
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secondary generalized
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Musical hallucinations are more common in seizures of which hemisphere (dominant or non-dominant)
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non-dominant
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Simple partial seizures become complex partial seizure when a patient ...
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loses consciousness
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Absence seizures have waves at what frequency?
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3-4Hz spike wave
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1st line agents for status epilepticus
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benzodiazepines and phenytoin
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What is status epilepticus?
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repetitive seizure activity of any kind
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Autosomal dominant; causes night seizures in children. Dx:
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Rolandic Seizure
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Purpose of angiogram Wada test?
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determine which hemisphere is language dominant
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Major neurotransmitter abnormality of schizophrenia
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high dopamine
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Major neurotransmitter abnormality of OCD
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low serotonin
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Major neurotransmitter abnormality in anxiety
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high GABA; give benzodiazepines
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Major neurotransmitter abnormality of depression
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low serotonin/adrenergics
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