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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anterolateral column controls ...
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pain, temperature, crude touch
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Posterior lemniscal column controls ...
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proprioception, vibration, fine/discriminative touch
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Anteriolateral column crosses ...
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at the spinal level at which it innervates
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Posterior lemniscal column crosses ...
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lower medulla (internal arcuate fibers)
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A hemisection on the right at T4 will lead to what sensory defects?
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pain, temp, crude touch are lost below T4 on the left. proprioception, vibration, fine touch lost on the right below T4
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The anterolateral tract is also called ...
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spinothalamic column
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Sensory neuron cell bodies are found where?
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dorsal root ganglion
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4 types of sensory fibers
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A-a, A-b, A-g, C
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Which type of sensory fiber is not myelinated?
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C
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A-a fibers control what sensation
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proprioception
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A-b fibers control what sensation
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proprioception, superficial touch, deep touch, vibration
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A-g fibers control what sensation
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pain, cool temperature, itch
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C fibers control what sensation
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pain, temperature (warm), itch
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The gracile fasciculus carries information from ...
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lower extremity (think somatotopic organization: the gracile fasciculus is found medially)
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The cuneate fasciculus carries information from ...
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upper extremity (think somatotopic organization: the cuneate fasciculus is found laterally)
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Axons from the gracile fasciculus synapse on what?
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cell bodies in the nucleus gracilis
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Axons from the cuneate fasciculus synapse on what?
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cell bodies in the nucleus cuneatus
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In the spinal cord, sensory innervation of the feet is found (medial or lateral)?
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medial
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In the pons (above the medulla), sensory innervation of the feet is found (medial or lateral)?
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lateral
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Axons from the medial lemniscus (near medulla) synapse where?
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VPL (ventral posterior lateral nucleus of thalamus) > then to internal capsule to sensory cortex (post-central gyrus)
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Once anterolateral fibers enter the spinal cord (via dorsal root ganglion), where is their first synapse?
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in the gray matter of the spinal cord (lamina I or V)
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Which is more medial in the spinal cord? (Fasciculus gracilis or cuneate)
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gracilis
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Once the anterolateral fibers have synapsed in the gray matter of the cord, where do they cross?
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at the spinal level they entered, over the spinal cord's anterior commisure
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3 anterolateral tracts
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spinothalamic, spinomesencephalic, spinoreticular
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In the anterolateral pathway, the axons traveling up the spinal cord will synapse where?
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VPL (ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus) > then to somatosensory cortex/post central gyrus
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Information form the primary sensory cortex (3, 1, 2) is sent to ...
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secondary sensory association cortex
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The primary sensory cortex is located on (pre-central gyrus or post-central gyrus)?
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post-central gyrus
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What is gate control theory?
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activating non-pain fibers can help to reduce pain sensation in the dorsal horn. periaqueductal gray can modulate the pain sensation via rostral ventral medulla
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The thalamus, along with the hypothalamus and epithalamus, makes up the ...
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diencephalon
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Lateral geniculate ganglion of the thalamus relays what information?
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vision
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Medial geniculate ganglion of the thalamus relays what information?
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hearing
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The ventral lateral nucleus of the thalamus relays what information?
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motor
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The anterior nucleus group of the thalamus relays what information?
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limbic system (emotions, memory, etc.)
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Thalamus caudal intralaminar nuclei are involved with ...
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basal ganglia circuitry
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Thalamus rostral intralaminar nuclei are involved with ...
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alertness and basal ganglia circuitry
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Only nucleus of the thalamus that does not project to the cortex ...
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reticular nucleus- manages other thalamic nuclei
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Lesions of the dorsal column present with what symptoms?
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numbness, tingling
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Lesions of the anterolateral column present with what symptoms?
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sharp, burning pain
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What is Djerine-Roussy syndrome?
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lesions in the thalamus cause contralateral pain
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What is the Lhermitte sign?
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electrical sensation down spine upon neck flexion
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What is alodynia?
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pain caused by normal touch (light touch)
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What is dysesthesia?
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unpleasant sensation
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What is hypesthesia?
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decreased sensation
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What is hyperpathia?
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increased pain sensation
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What is spinal shock?
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temporary paralysis after trauma
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Only nucleus of the thalamus that does not project to the cortex ...
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reticular nucleus- manages other thalamic nuclei
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Lesions of the dorsal column present with what symptoms?
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numbness, tingling
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Lesions of the anterolateral column present with what symptoms?
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sharp, burning pain
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What is Djerine-Roussy syndrome?
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lesions in the thalamus cause contralateral pain
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What is the Lhermitte sign?
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electrical sensation down spine upon neck flexion
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What is alodynia?
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pain caused by normal touch (light touch)
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What is dysesthesia?
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unpleasant sensation
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What is hypesthesia?
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decreased sensation
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What is hyperpathia?
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increased pain sensation
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What is spinal shock?
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temporary paralysis after trauma
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What is anterior cord syndrome?
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infarction of the anterior cord due to anterior spinal artery occlusion/ischemia
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In patients with suspected myelitis, why might we sample their CSF?
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to check for WBCs (lymphocytes predominate)
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A lesion in the primary sensory cortex will cause sensory loss on the (ipsilateral or contralateral side)?
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contralateral side
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A hemi-section of the lateral pons affects which sensory tract?
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anterolateral pathways. just since its the most lateral
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A hemi-section of the lateral pons on the right will lead to what sensory deficits?
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left side body loss of pain, temp, touch. right side face loss of pain, temp, touch. The lesion of the lateral pons likely only affects the lateral tracts.
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Anterior cord syndrome (infarct of the anterior cord due to ischemia) will most likely lead to what deficits?
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bilateral anterior cord ischemia = anterolateral and corticospinal tract damage = motor loss and pain, temp, touch loss
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Posterior cord syndrome (infarct of the posterior cord due to ischemia) will most likely lead to what deficits?
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bilateral ischemia of posterior spinal cord = dorsal column loss = proprioception, vibration, fine touch loss
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What is central cord syndrome?
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lesion in the center of the cord radiating outwards. affects most sensory and motor tracts
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With a large lesion in the central cord, why might the sacrum be the only area with any innervation?
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sacral sparing occurs since it is innervated by axons located on the periphery of the cord = less likely to be compressed by a lesion in the center of the cord
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Voluntary sphincter innervation from S2-S4 comes from which nucleus?
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Onuf's
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Autonomic parasympathetics from S2-S4 come from what nucleus?
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sacral parasympathetic nucleus
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Autonomic sympathetics from T11-L1 come from where?
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IML of the spinal cord
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Lesions of S2-S4 lead to what bladder problem?
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flaccid, areflexic bladder due to loss of parasympathetics
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A lesion in the micturation centers will lead to what bladder problem?
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incontinence when the bladder fills = loss of conscious bladder control, but normal micturation
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What is neurogenic bladder?
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bladder disorder that is from a neuro problem
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The internal anal sphincter is innervated by ...
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sacral parasympathetics
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The external anal sphincter is innervated by ...
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Onuf's nucleus (S2-S4), pudendal
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Loss of sacral parasympathetics would lead to what bowel problem?
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constipation
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Genital sensation is innervated by ...
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S2-S4 pudendal
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Male erection is innervated by (parasympathetics or sympathetics)?
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parasympathetics
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Male ejaculation is innervated by (parasympathetics or sympathetics)
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sympathetics
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