Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
What is the function of the Frontal lobe? |
The largest lobe; makes us human. Functions; movement, impulse control, judgement, memory, planning, emotional expression, problem solving, language, and sexual behaviors. It is, in essence, the “control panel” of our personality and our ability to communicate. |
Essence of our personality |
|
|
What separates the frontal lobe from the parietal lobe? |
The central sulcus/ central fissure |
Central foldn |
|
|
What separates the temporal lobe from the frontal lobe? |
The lateral sulcus |
Across the middle sulcus |
|
What part of the brain is this? |
The frontal lobe |
|
|
What part of the brain is this? |
The temporal lobe |
Relating to time |
|
What part of the brain is this? |
The parietal lobe |
Begins with P |
|
What part of the brain is this? |
Occipital lobe |
Begins with O |
|
What part of the brain is this? |
Cerebellum |
Begins with C |
|
What part of the brain is this? |
The brainstem |
Begins with B |
|
|
What is the function of the Temporal lobe |
The temporal lobe is involved in vision, memory, sensory input, language, emotion, and comprehension. |
Seeing, sensing, understanding, feeling |
|
|
What is the superior temporal gyrus |
It's located in the temporal lobe and is the primary auditory corner of the brain |
Auditory corner |
|
|
What does the inferior temporal gyrus do? |
High level of visual processing, object recognition, face recognition. |
Visual recognition |
|
|
What does the Medial temporal lobe do? |
This deals with memory |
Memory |
|
|
What does the Amygdala do? |
Deals with fear and emotion |
Feelings |
|
|
Where is the Amygdala located? |
The temporal lobe |
Relating to time |
|
|
What does the parietal lobe do? |
Somatosensory perception, intersensory integration, spatial vision, spatial attention. |
|
|
|
What does somatosensory mean? |
Relating to or denoting to a sensation e.g taste, touch, smell etc |
Senses |
|
|
Phineas Gage |
Phineas Gage had a personality change from kind to aggressive after an accident where his temporal lobe was pierced by a rod. This shows that personality is primarily focused in the temporal lobe. |
Personality change |
|
What type of cross section view of the brain is this? |
Coronal view- divided into front and back. |
Split down the middle, separates front and back |
|
What type of the cross-sectional view of the brain is this? |
Sagittal view- divides into right and left parts of the brain. |
Divided into right and left parts of the brain |
|
What type of cross-sectional view of the brain is this? |
Axial brain section- top to bottom view, horizontal cross-section |
Horizontal cross-section |
|
|
What is White matter? |
Fibre tracts, corpus collosum, outer part of the spinal cord |
|
|
|
Why is white matter white? |
Because it is myelin dense matter |
Myelin |
|
|
What is the myelin sheath? |
A cover made of fats and proteins which wraps around the axon, it insulates neurons so that they can send electrical signals faster and more efficiently. |
Works like a wire coating |
|
|
Alien hand syndrome |
When individuals have no control over their own hands, often as a result of brain injury; stroke, damage to the corpus collosum etc. |
|
|
|
What is the Corpus collosum? |
Band of fibres which allows communication between the two hemispheres. |
Bridge between hemispheres |
|
|
What is the Sulci in the brain? |
Folds in the brain, they take up 2/3rds of the brain hidden in the Sulci. |
Folds |
|
|
What is the Gyri in the brain? |
Bumps in the brain |
Bumps |
|
|
What does the CNS do? |
Made up of the brain and spinal cord, mediates all sensory inputs and motor outputs. Generates observed and unobserved behaviours. |
Sensory input and motor outputs |
|
|
What is the autonomic nervous system ? |
Part of the PNS. the part of the nervous system responsible for control of the bodily functions not consciously directed, such as breathing, the heartbeat, and digestive processes. |
Automatic actions |
|
|
What is the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? |
Fight or flight response |
Sympathy=emotion |
|
|
What is the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system? |
Rest and digest |
Paralysed= not moving |
|
|
What is the Ventral root of a nerve? |
Efferent fibres- projects away from the CNS, brings motor information from the brain to the body. |
Ventral 'eff off fibres' |
|
|
What is the Dorsal root of a nerve? |
Afferent fibres- projects towards the CNS |
Affarent=closer D in the alphabet than V |
|
|
How many spinal nerves are there? |
31 |
|
|
|
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
Carries sensory information into the brain and motor information is sent back out of the brain. 3 conponents; spinal nerves, cranial nerves and autonomic nervous system. |
Sensory information in and motor information out. |
|
|
How many cranial nerves are there? |
12 |
|
|
|
The limbic system |
-lies on both sides of the thalamus -includes structures important for learning and memory -Amygdala; emotional regulation and perception of odor -hippocampus and fornix; some forms of learning and memory -Cingulate Gyrus; attention -olfactory bulb; sense of smell |
|
|
|
What is the hippocampus' main function? |
Learning and memory |
|
|
|
Where is the hippocampus found? |
The limbic system in the medial temporal lobe |
|
|
|
What is the cingulate gyrus' main function? |
Attention |
|
|
|
Where can the cingulate gyrus be found? |
In the limbic system within the medial temporal lobe. |
|
|
|
What is the olfactory bulbs main function? |
Sense of smell |
|
|
|
Where can the olfactory bulb be found? |
The limbic system within the medial temporal lobe. |
|
|
|
What is the Occipital lobes main function? |
Visual processing |
|
|
|
What separates the Occipital lobe from the parietal lobe? |
The parieto-occipital sulcus |
|
|
|
What is the calcarine Sulcus? |
Primary visual cortex |
|
|
|
What does the thalamus do? |
Directs sensory information to the correct areas |
Directs information |
|
|
What does the hyperthalamus do? |
Controls hunger, thirst, temperature (homeostatis) |
|
|
|
What is the brainstems function? |
Controls breathing, heartbeat, artery dilation and salvation. |
|
|
|
What is the cerebellums main function? |
Balance, motor planning, motor learning, eye movement and control |
Balance and control |
|
|
What is the basal ganglias main function? |
Motor control |
|
|
|
What part of the brain is damaged for individuals with parkinsons disease? |
The Basal Ganglia |
|
|
|
What are meninges? |
3 layers if Protective tissue of the brain |
|
|
|
What is the ventricular system |
The ventricular system is a set of four interconnected cavities (ventricles) in the brain, where the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is produced. |
|
|
|
What are The 3 layers of meninges? |
1) Dura mater-though outermost sheet 2) pia mater- delicate innermost layer 3) arachnoid membrane- lies between the other two, is filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) |
|
|
|
What are the two main functions of the meninges and ventricular system? |
1) Protect; act as a shock absorber 2) Nourish; provides an exchange medium between blood and brain |
|
|
|
What is the main function of Glia cells? |
The main functions of glial cells are: to supply nutrients and oxygen to neurons, to insulate one neuron from another, and to destroy and remove the carcasses of dead neurons (clean up). |
Clean up, nutrients, damage control |
|
Name the parts of this neuron |
|
|
|
|
What did Camillo Golgi do? |
Create the Golgi stain; developed a process to stain neurons so that scientists could see and study them |
|
|
|
What did Ramon Y Cajal do? |
Stained neurons to create art, noted that dendrites extended less than axons which could travel far distances. Discovered the law of dynamic polarisation and showed that there was a gap between neurons |
|
|
|
What is Cajals 'law of dynamic polarisation'? |
Information flows in a predictable and consistent direction within each nerve cell from dendrites, through cell body and down axon. |
|
|
|
What is Cajals 'principle of connectional specificity'? |
There is no cytoplasmic continuity between nerve cells and these cells do not form random networks. Each cell forms specific and precise connections making contact with only some nerve cells and not others. |
|
|
|
Why did Golgi and Cajal dislike Each other? |
Golgi suggested that neurons connected physically, but Cajal suggested that neurons were not linked. Neuron doctrine (Cajal); all neurons are independent units. Reticular theory (Golgi); all neurons linked to each other by anastomosis (continuity) |
|
|
|
What are dendrites |
The input zone of the cell |
|
|
|
What do dendrites do? |
Receive information from 100+ cells |
|
|
|
What is an Axon? |
Carries output from the cell |
|
|
|
What does the axon do? |
Transports chemicals from the cell body to terminal. Sends outputs to 100+ neurons. |
|
|
|
What does excitatory mean? |
They make the next neuron fire |
|
|
|
What does inhibitory mean? |
They dont send the message, they stop the network from activating. They prevent the next neuron from firing. |
|
|
What type of neuron is this? |
Bipolar neuron; e.g has two ends |
|
|
What type of neuron is this? |
Unipolar; e.g all one |
All one |
|
What type of neuron is this? |
Multipolar neuron |
Has lots of dendrites, the normal neuron |
|
|
How many layers of cerebral cortex is there? |
6 |
|
|
|
What does the first layer of the cerebral cortex include? |
Cell free, axons running across surface |
|
|
|
What does layer 2 of the cerebral cortex include? |
Cranial neurons/cells |
|
|
|
What does layer 4 of the cerebral cortex include? |
Variety but usually granial cell |
|
|
|
What is the cortex of the brain? |
The surface of the Cerebrum/brain. It has a folded appearance and contains lots of neurons. |
Surface of the brain |
|
|
What do Glia cells do? |
Main function is support to neurons, but more research is coming out. They communicate with each other and neurons, provide raw material and chemical signals, they form a barrier against synapse whenever there's an injury to the brain, Glia cells are there to clear up the mess. |
Help, protect, clear up, damage control |
|
|
How many Glia cells are there to neurons? |
10 to 1 |
|
|
|
What are the 4 main types of Glia cells? |
Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia |
S, O, A, M |
|
|
What do schwann and oligodendrocyte cells do? |
Produce the myelin. The schwann cells do it in the PNS. The Oligodendrocytes do it in the CNS. |
Produce... |
|
|
What do astrocytes (type of glia cell) do? |
Detect neural activity and regulate adjacent capillaries. They indicate where blood is needed because there is neural activity going on in the brain. |
|
|
|
What do microglia (type of glia cell) do? |
Break up debris after damage to the brain and absorb it. |
Vacuum cleaner of the brain |
|
|
What does the myelin sheath do? |
Speed conduction and protecting axons |
|
