Neuroanat 5

Front 1

The thalamus is part of

Back 1

diencephalon. The thalamus it is above the brain stem and forms the borders of the third ventricle

Front 2

Lateral geniculate nucleus on the ventral side of
the thalamus is important to

Back 2

visual info relay

Front 3

thalamus, Also networked with association cortex e.g.

Back 3

prefrontal cortex, posterior parietal and temporal lobe.
•
Also the limbic system e.g. hippocampus and amygdala

Front 4

Thalamic nuclei are characterized by their cerebral connections. Most of these go through

Back 4

the INTERNAL CAPSULE

Front 5

function. The reticular
nuclei is a part of a network that influences

Back 5

alertness and sleep

Front 6

Parts of the thalamus:

Back 6

Anterior nucleus, medial nuclei
and a silvery structure that sweeps lateral to these
nuclei..this is the internal medullary lamina (a collection
of myelinated axons) the medial nucleus is separated
from the anterior by internal medullary lamina

Front 7

Lateral geniculate nuclei is at the posterior part of the
thalamus and it is connected to

Back 7

the occipital pole where
the primary visual cortex

Front 8

the anterior nuclei is not connected to the prefrontal but
it is connection is to

Back 8

is to cingulate gyrus in the midline
section of the brain around the edge of the cerebral hemisphere

Front 9

The pulvinar is largely connected to

Back 9

largely connected with
Parietal occipital temporal area (P-O-T)

Front 10

What
separates the auditory and visual cortex?

Back 10

a huge
expand of association cortex

Front 11

what separates the limbic area (cyngulate gyrus) and motor areas?

Back 11

prefrontal association cortex

Front 12

Middle nucleus of thalamus has its connections to

Back 12

prefrontal cortex

Front 13

which nuclei are involved in sensory relay?

Back 13

Ventral posterior lateral
Ventral posterior medial
Lateral geniculate nucleus
Medial geniculate nucleus

Front 14

Which nuclei are involved in motor relay?

Back 14

Ventrall lateral nucleus
Ventral anterior nucleus

Front 15

Which nuclei are involved in association relay

Back 15

Anterior nucleus
Lateral dorsal nucleus
Medial dorsal nucleus
Pulvinar

Front 16

Groups of cells within the internal medullary lamina or
intralaminar nuclei are

Back 16

centromedian nuclei and
parafascicular nuclei and they are connected to basal
ganglia and also have diffuse connections to the
cerebral cortex

Front 17

The majority of Lateral geniculate
nuclei synapses come from

Back 17

cerebral cortex, only 10% of synapses are from the optic tract

Front 18

The ventral posterior nuclei (medial and lateral) relay what kind of info?

Back 18

somatosensory

Front 19

DTI: shows radiating branches that emerge from the
internal capsule emerging from

Back 19

lenticular nuclei to
reach areas of the cortex (Corona Radiata)

Front 20

When we remove the basal ganglia we can see that
internal capsule and the anterior limb and posterior limb
this is the point where

Back 20

the radiations occur

Front 21

Sensory radiations and motor-cortico spinal tracts are
mostly connected into .

Back 21

posterior limb of the internal
capsule

Front 22

The posterior limb receives most of its blood
supply from

Back 22

the lenticulate striated aa.

Front 23

Anterior limb of the internal capsule is mostly related to

Back 23

the basal ganglia

Front 24

When the lenticular nuclei is removed
we can see the

Back 24

Genu

Front 25

Next to the thalamus is the

Back 25

posterior limb, so thalamus has an easy access to the internal capsule

Front 26

Basal ganglia also has a very intimate relation with

Back 26

internal capsule

Front 27

The anterior choroidal aa sends branches to

Back 27

lower part of internal capsule

Front 28

. A
neuron in the anterior thalamic nucleus would be
expected to send its axon to cortex through what part of the internal capsule

Back 28

anterior limb

Front 29

What arteries
supply internal caps?

Back 29

Lateral striate a’s. Anterior choroidal

Front 30

the lat. lenticulostriate A. and anterior choroidal aa. tend
to be end arteries so if theres an occlusion there could
be a complication of the internal capsule. Due to this
these aa are known

Back 30

arteries of cerebral hemorrhage

Front 31

The principle blood supply to the internal capsule is

Back 31

lateral striated aa.

Front 32

Middle geniculate nuclei relays info from

Back 32

auditory tract

Front 33

The reticular nuclei of the thalamus sits on

Back 33

external medullary laminae next to the pulvinar

Front 34

Internal Capsule locations and description

Back 34

Thick band of fibers to and from cerebral cortex. It is lateral to the thalamus (posterior limb), and lateral to the Head of caudate nucleus (anterior limb), and between these is a bend (genu) which is at the level of the interventricular foramen (of Monro).

Front 35

The principle blood supply to the internal capsule is

Back 35

lateral striated aa.

Front 36

Middle geniculate nuclei relays info from

Back 36

auditory tract

Front 37

The reticular nuclei of the thalamus sits on

Back 37

external medullary laminae next to the pulvinar

Front 38

Internal Capsule locations and description

Back 38

Thick band of fibers to and from cerebral cortex. It is lateral to the thalamus (posterior limb), and lateral to the Head of caudate nucleus (anterior limb), and between these is a bend (genu) which is at the level of the interventricular foramen (of Monro).

Front 39

Internal medullary lamina separates

Back 39

the medial dorsal
nuclei from the lateral tier of nuclei.

Front 40

Medial dorsal nuclei
has most of its connections to the

Back 40

the prefrontal cortex
(association cortex)

Front 41

Ventral laterla nuclei is
connected to

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primary motor cortex

Front 42

The anterior nuclei
is connected to a nucleus that makes a bump on the
hypothalamus that is

Back 42

mammallary bodiesmamalothalamic
tract.

Front 43

the fibers of the internal capsule
come from

Back 43

the corona radiata

Front 44

peduncle. The UIC brain
stem and spinal cord slides usually have which element
stained dark?

Back 44

Myelin of oligodendrocytes. Nuclei or cell
bodies are unstained

Front 45

Limited areas of the cortex have
only

Back 45

three layers,
Allocortex.

Front 46

The neocortex is generally defined as

Back 46

six layered (laminae) cortex:
Lamina I - Molecular layer
Lamina II - External granular layer
Lamina III - External pyramidal layer
Lamina IVInternal granular layer
Lamina V - Internal pyramidal layer.
Lamina VI Multiform layer

Front 47

the smallest thinnest cerebral cortical areas are in the

Back 47

postcentral gyri, visual cortex and auditory cortex

Front 48

In regards to layers the Prefrontal cortex has the most

Back 48

6 layered neocortex

Front 49

Primary motor
cortex has mostly what type of cortical cells?

Back 49

pyramidal cells
and is the
thickest

Front 50

Primary sensory cortex has mostly what type of cortical cells

Back 50

small cells, and is the thinnest

Front 51

Granule cells are high in dendrites but they're axonal
connections are

Back 51

local and they are inhibitory in function

Front 52

Spine Density, and size,on pyramidal dendrites are related to

Back 52

learning, plasticity, e.g. LTP

Front 53

The cytoarchitecture of the cortex varies by area:

Back 53

Homotypical - easy to identify six layers
Heterotypical – other cortex, i.e. difficult to identify six layers
Granular cortex - e.g. sensory areas, numerous interneurons, less prominent lamina V
Agranular cortex - e.g. primary motor and premotor areas, long projecting pyramidal cells dominant from a prominent lamina V

Front 54

A functional unit of cortex, extending through all six layers, is

Back 54

the column. Best observed in sensory cortex

Front 55

All neurons in a columnar unit are simultaneously activated by

Back 55

the same peripheral stimulus

Front 56

Each column receives input from

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a single thalamic neuron

Front 57

Number of columns representing a given area of the body is proportional to the number of receptive fields in that area; i.e

Back 57

a higher receptor density in the periphery will be complemented with more cortical columns

Front 58

Columnar organization is established early in fetal life, but the complexity and maintenance of the columnar organization, hence function, is dependent upon

Back 58

external stimulation

Front 59

Sensory information from the body is essential to motor control and this communicatio happens via

Back 59

postcentral to precentral gyrus

Front 60

Sensory signals are complex and are parcelled out to adjacent cortex to analyze separate aspects of the signal. as it's the case in

Back 60

primary to secondary visual cortex

Front 61

Responding to a stimulus involves memory, significance, current body position and desired outcome. and to achieve this

Back 61

Several cortical areas recruited simultaneously or sequentially

Front 62

review study found an increase in blood supply in the
temporal lobe when the subjects was trying to identify
and object that they observed. Injuries to the ventral
surface of the temporal lobe patient cant recognize

Back 62

faces, but if they heard a patient talk or walk they
recognize the person

Front 63

On the lateral surface there are
the areas that are interested in where is it? where is it
moving to? and this area is close to the

Back 63

post central gyri
where somatosensory cortex is.

Front 64

if a tumor affects the white
matter then the plasticity (ability to change and adapt or
learn) of

Back 64

compromised

Front 65

Short association
fibers are the ones that connect neeaby gyri and they have a

Back 65

U shape

Front 66

Superior longitudinal fasciculus connects

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occipital and frontal cortex

Front 67

Arcuate fasciculus goes around the lateral fissure and connects

Back 67

the auditory
association cortex (in the temporal lobe) with the vocal
control in the frontal cortex, so broca's or wenicke's
areas location can tell the location of the arcuate
fasciculus because it connects them both

Front 68

commissural fibers usually come out of pyramidal cells
and their destination is usually the corpus callosum
which connects

Back 68

The right and left hemispheres

Front 69

Embriologically,
the corpus callosum first appears to be formed from

Back 69

the
anterior commissure. If for some reason anterior
commissure doesnt form, then the brain wouldnt
develop the corpus callosum.

Front 70

The anterior commissure
is in front of the

Back 70

diencephalon.

Front 71

Major Association Fasciculi -

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-Cingulum
-Superior longitudinal fasciculus (arcuate fasciculus)
-U-shaped fibers

Front 72

Cingulum - runs in depths of the

Back 72

cingulate gyrus and interconnects prefrontal cortex, cingulate gyrus and parahippocampal gyrus (i.e. limbic areas).

Front 73

Superior longitudinal fasciculus (arcuate fasciculus) - runs in an anterior-posterior direction and connects

Back 73

frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, and a multitude of areas that contribute to language understanding or production.