Neuro Vocab Ch 16

Front 1

Lentiform nucleus

Back 1

putamen + globulus pollidus together

Front 2

striatum and globulus plaids blood supply

Back 2

lenticulostriate branches of MCA

Front 3

aspiny neurons of the striatum neurotransmitter

Back 3

acetylcholine

Front 4

hemiballismus

Back 4

unilateral wild flinging movements of the extremities contralateral to a lesion in the basal ganglia. often involves the subthalmic nucleus

Front 5

dyskinesia

Back 5

abnormal movements

Front 6

ataxia

Back 6

irregular uncoordinated movements caused by lesions of cerebellar circuitry

Front 7

slow, clumsy, stiff movements and hyperreflexia

Back 7

spasticity

Front 8

unilateral movement disorder caused by focal basal ganglia lesions is on which side?

Back 8

movement disorder is contralateral to the basal ganglia lesion

Front 9

akinesia

Back 9

absence of movement

Front 10

bradykinesia

Back 10

slowed movements

Front 11

hypokinesia

Back 11

decreased amount of movements

Front 12

rigidity

Back 12

resistance to passive movement of a limb

Front 13

spastic regidity

Back 13

velocity dependent. resistive tone initially increases as the muscle of the limb are stretched, but may then decrease giving rise to CLASP KNIFE rigidity in corticospinal disorders

Front 14

plastic, waxy or lead pipe rigidity

Back 14

continuous throughout attempts to bend the limb

Front 15

cogwheel rigidity

Back 15

rachet like interruptions in tone that can be felt as the limb is bent

Front 16

paratonia gegenhalten

Back 16

frontal lobe dysfunction--active resist movements of limb

Front 17

dystonia

Back 17

assumes abnormal, distorted positions of limbs, trunk, or face

Front 18

torticollis

Back 18

focal dystonia of neck muscles

Front 19

blepharospasm

Back 19

focal dystonia of facial muscles around eyes

Front 20

spasmodic dysphonia

Back 20

laryngeal muscle dystonia

Front 21

bot toxin effect

Back 21

interferes with presynaptic Ach release

Front 22

Wilsons disease

Back 22

autosomal recessive disorder of biliary copper exertion that causes progressive degeneration of liver and basal ganglia. often have "wing beating" tremor, and kayser-fleischer rings. treat: penicillamine

Front 23

Athetosis

Back 23

writhing twisting movements of the limbs face and trunk (levodopa tox)

Front 24

chorea

Back 24

dance and is applied to movement disorders characterized nearly continuous involuntary moveents that have a fluid jerky constantly varying quality

Front 25

ballismus

Back 25

movements of proximal limb muscles with larger amplitude, more rotatory flinging quality than chorea

Front 26

hemiballismus

Back 26

unilateral flinging movements of extremities contralateral to a lesions in the basal ganglia

Front 27

tic

Back 27

brief action that is preceded by an urge to perform it and is followed by a sense of relief

Front 28

tourette's syndrome

Back 28

persistent vocal and motor tics

Front 29

myoclonus

Back 29

fastest of all movement disorders, sudden rapid muscular jerk that can be focal unilateral or bilateral.

Front 30

asterixis

Back 30

"lack of fixed position" flapping tremor. brief rapid movement that is seen in toxic or metabolic encephalopathies

Front 31

tremor

Back 31

rhythimic or semirhythmic oscillating movements agonist and antagonist muscles are activated resulting in bidirectional movement

Front 32

postural tremor

Back 32

more prominent when pts limbs are held in a position and decrease at rest

Front 33

a drink of alcohol and beta blockers can relieve symptoms of this tremor

Back 33

essential tremor

Front 34

palatal tremor

Back 34

notable for persistence during sleep

Front 35

lewy bodies

Back 35

cytoplasmic inclusions that contain ubiquitin and alpha synuclein

Front 36

myerson's sign

Back 36

inability to suppress blinking when the center of the brow ridge is tapped repeatedly

Front 37

bradyphrenia

Back 37

responses to questions are slow but accurate

Front 38

shy drager sydrome

Back 38

atrophy of the intermediolateral cell column combined with parkinsonism. autonomic disturbances include orthostatic hypotension, impotence and urinary incontinence

Front 39

olivopontocerebellar atrophy

Back 39

parkinson with ataxia

Front 40

steele richradson olszewski sydrome ( progressive supranuclear palsy

Back 40

mutiple structure throughout the midbrain. vertical eye movement limited. more prominent proximal

Front 41

levy body dementia

Back 41

substantia nigra and throughout the cortex. characterized by early psychiatric symptoms and hallucinations

Front 42

machado joseph disease

Back 42

autosomal dominant, trinucleotide repeats neurodegenerative disease

Front 43

cortical basal ganglia degeneration

Back 43

asymetrical limb dystonia, apraxia, alien limb sydrome, corticospinal abnormalities