Neuro Visual Pathways Forster

Front 1

Visual field quadrants
(name)

Back 1

superior visual field
inferior visual field
left visual field
right visual field

Front 2

left binocular visual field
(derived from)

Back 2

left visual field of left eye and
left visual field of right eye

Front 3

right binocular visual field
(derived from)

Back 3

right visual field of left eye and
right visual field of right eye

Front 4

The visual image that projects through the retina is _

Back 4

inverted

Front 5

for left eye:
left visual field projects onto _
right visual field projects onto _

Back 5

nasal retina

temporal retina

Front 6

for right eye:
left visual field projects onto _
right visual field projects onto _

Back 6

temporal retina

nasal retina

Front 7

for both eyes:
superior visual fields project onto _
inferior visual fields project onto _

Back 7

inferior retina

superior retina

Front 8

The center where the quadrants meet within visual field is the point of _ which corresponds with the _ of the retina

Back 8

visual fixation

fovea

Front 9

Projections from retina to brain:
axons from retinal ganglion cells exit the eye to form _ and the two of these fuse at base of _ to form the _

Back 9

optic nerve (CN II)
diencephalon
optic chiasm

Front 10

At the optic chiasm, some axons cross to contra side while others remain ipsi
(name ipsi, name contra)

Back 10

Ipsi:
left eye temporal hemiretina
right eye temporal hemiretina

Contra:
left eye nasal hemiretina
right eye nasal hemiretina

Front 11

From the optic chiasm, axons travel to visual processing regions in the brain via the left and right _

Back 11

optic tracts

Front 12

left optic tract
axons from _

Back 12

left eye temporal retina and
right eye nasal retina

Front 13

right optic tract
axons from _

Back 13

left eye nasal retina and
right eye temporal retina

Front 14

Thus, left and right optic tracts carry info from different visual fields
left optic tract = ?
right optic tract = ?

Back 14

left optic tract:
info from right half of the visual field from both eyes

right optic tract:
info from the left half of the visual field from both eyes

Front 15

Axons from optic tract synapse in 4 major regions of brain
(name, and what involved in)

Back 15

1) LGN of thalamus:
processing and relay of visual info to cortex

2) superior colliculus of midbrain:
eye movements

3) pretectum of midbrain:
pupillary reflexes

4) hypothalamus:
maintenance of circadian rhythms

Front 16

LGN
(composition)

Back 16

4 dorsal parvocellular layers:
info about form and color

2 ventral magnocellular layers:
info about location and movement

Front 17

LGN
axons project to _
via _
within _

Back 17

project to primary visual cortex (V1) of occipital lobe (striate or calcarine cortex)

via optic radiation (geniculocalcarine or geniculostriate pathways)

within internal capsule

Front 18

Axons of optic radiation take different paths to V1, and synapse in cortical layer _

Back 18

IV (internal granule layer) of V1

Front 19

Axons carrying info from the superior retina (inferior visual field) travel dorsally via _ and synapse in _ gyrus of V1 _ to the calcarine fissure

Back 19

parietal loop
cuneus gyrus
superior to calcarine fissure

Front 20

axons carrying info from inferior retina (superior visual field) travel ventrally via _ in _ lobe, and synapse in the _ gyrus of V1 _ to the calcarine fissure

Back 20

Meyer's loop
temporal lobe
lingual gyrus
inferior to calcarine fissure

Front 21

What retinal quadrant and visual field is superior to calcarine fissure?

Back 21

superior retinal quadrants
inferior visual fields

Front 22

What retinal quadrant and visual field is inferior to calcarine fissure?

Back 22

inferior retinal quadrants
superior visual fields

Front 23

fovea is represented near the occipital pole termed the _

Back 23

macula region
(though fovea occupies small area of retina, it represents about 50% of the visual cortex b/c of greater acuity)

Front 24

left eye temporal retinal and right eye nasal retinal quadrants
Which side of V1?

Back 24

(right visual hemifield of both eyes)
left V1

Front 25

left eye nasal retina and right eye temporal retinal
Which side of V1?

Back 25

(left visual hemifield of both eyes)
right V1

Front 26

V1 receives segregated info regarding _ and _ vs. _ and _

This info is processed via V1 connectivity with _ within the occipital, parietal, temporal lobes

Back 26

form and color (parvocellular LGN)
vs.
location and movement (magnocellular LGN)

extrastriate visual cortices

Front 27

Anopia

Back 27

functional blindness
(aka anopsia)

Front 28

Monocular Anopia

Back 28

blindness in one eye
(aka monocular vision loss)

Front 29

Hemianopia

Back 29

blindness in half of the visual field
(termed altitudinal deficits if involving superior or inferior visual fields)

Front 30

Quadrantanopia

Back 30

blindness in one quarter of the visual field

Front 31

Homonymous

Back 31

involving the same parts of the visual field of both eyes
(ex. left visual fields of both left and right eye)

Front 32

Heteronymous

Back 32

involving opposite parts of the visual field of each eye
(ex. left visual field of left eye and right visual field of right eye)

Front 33

Macular sparing

Back 33

preservation of central vision with loss of a portion of the surrounding visual fields

Front 34

Concentric anopia

Back 34

loss of the entire visual field with macular sparing

Front 35

Scotoma

Back 35

localized blind spot within the visual field

Front 36

Visual Pathway deficits
Causes of lesions

Back 36

vascular occlusion (stroke) or damage (diabetes)
traumatic head injury
tumor (or removal of tumor)
demyelination of axons comprising tracts (MS)

Front 37

Visual Pathway deficits
General Rules
Monocular deficits (anopia and scotoma)

Back 37

associated with lesions prior to optic chiasm (eg. retina or optic nerves)
deficit always ipsilateral to lesion

Front 38

Visual Pathway deficits
General Rules
Heteronymous deficits

Back 38

associated with lesions at the level of optic chiasm

Front 39

Visual Pathway deficits
General Rules
Homonymous deficits

Back 39

associated with lesions after optic fibers have crossed in the optic chiasm = *retrochiasmal lesions*
(ex: optic tracts, LGN, optic radiations, V1)

will arise in the visual hemifields contralateral to lesion

Front 40

Visual Pathway deficits
General Rules
Macular sparing

Back 40

normally associated with specific lesions to V1 that spare macula region of V1
but one exception:
compression of optic nerve,
where monocular anopia occurs with macular sparing = *concentric anopia*