Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
How is olfactory n. examined? |
By testing individual nostrils for smell. (coffee, soap, vanilla) |
|
|
Where does the olfactory bulb lie? |
Lies on the floor of the anterior cranial fossa. |
|
|
What is anosmia? |
the loss of smell. |
|
|
How does bilateral anosmia occur? |
with repeated rhinitis affecting the nasal mucosa and with head injuries after fracture of cribriform plate. |
|
|
How does unilateral anosmia occur? |
With olfactory groove meningioma. |
|
|
Causes of hyposmia include. |
Parkinsons, Alzheimers or Huntingtons disease. |
|
|
How are the rods and cones connected? |
The rods and cones are connected to horizontal and bipolar cells then to the retinal ganglion cells, those axons form the optic nerve. |
|
|
What is the blind spot? |
Where no photoreceptors are present at the beginning of optic nerve. |
|
|
Where and what is the optic chiasma? |
Located above the pituitary gland there is a partial crossing of axons- the axons from nasal half of retina cross to the opp side. But the axons from temporal side do not cross. |
|
|
When does the optic nerve become the optic tract? |
It becomes the optic tract after the chiasma. |
|
|
Where is the pupillary light reflex happening? |
Occurs when number of axons travel to pretectal nuclei in the midbrain. |
|
|
What is a scotoma? |
It is a defect that includes a small spot or patch in the visual field. |
|
|
Central scotoma? |
Due to a lesion affecting macula lutea or its efferent nerve fibres. (impairing central vision -therefore reduction of visual acuity) |
|
|
What is hemianopsia? |
Defect including one half of visual field. |
|
|
How are monocular visual field defects caused? |
By unilateral lesions or by lesions of the optic nerve. |
