Neuro Test 3 Part 5

Front 1

What are the two broad kinds of long-term memory and what they mean?

Back 1

1. Declarative - things you know that you can tell others

2. Nondeclarative (procedural) - Things you know that you can show by doing

Front 2

Which are hippocampus dependent and independent; Declarative and nondeclarative?

Back 2

Decalrative - hippocampus dependent

Nondeclarative - hippocampus independent

Front 3

What are the two types of declarative memories?

Back 3

Episodic - Remembering your first day in school

Semantic - Knowing the capital of France

Front 4

What are the three nondeclarative memories?

Back 4

Skill learning - Knowing how to ride a bicycle

Priming - Being more likely to use a word you heard recently

Conditioning - Salivating when you see a favorite food

Front 5

What brain region is involved in Episodic memory?

Back 5

Storage in cortex

Front 6

What brain region is involved in Semantic memory?

Back 6

Storage in cortex

Front 7

What brain region is involved in Skill learning memory?

Back 7

Basal ganglia, motor cortex, and cerebellum

Front 8

What brain region is involved in Priming memory?

Back 8

Cortex

Front 9

What brain region is involved in Condition memory?

Back 9

Cerebellum

Front 10

What are the stages of memory?

Back 10

1. A subset of the sensory information that enters iconic memory is encoded and placed into short-term memory (STM).

2. If the information is rehearsed or used, it may be consolidated into long-term memory (LTM), lasting for minutes up to a lifetime.

3. When we probe a subject's memory, she must retrieve information from LTM and place it into STM to perform a task, such as reporting the items in a list.

4. At any stage of the process, information may be forgotten.

Front 11

What is used to consolidating STM into LTM?

Back 11

Hippocampus

Front 12

What happens if a person's hippocampus is damaged?

Back 12

STM is fine but patient can't remember for long

Front 13

What brain region is involved for declarative memory?

Back 13

Hippocampus

Front 14

What are teh two types of amnesia?

Back 14

Retrograde - Can't remember things formed before the event

Anterograde - Can't form new memories after the event

Front 15

What are three types of skill learning?

Back 15

Sensorimotor skills - riding a bike

Perceptual skills - Learning to read

Cognitive skills - Sudoku puzzle

Front 16

What is Associative Learning?

Back 16

Connecting even with a response - Classical Conditioning (dog with food + bell)

Front 17

What is Operant Conditioning?

Back 17

Knowing you will get food if you push a lever.

Front 18

What is Nonassociative learning?

Back 18

Habituation - an organism becomes less responsive following repeated presentations of a stimulus

Front 19

Describe Hebbian Synapses.

Back 19

"Neurons that fire together wire together"

Synapses that successfully drive postsynaptic cell are strengthened while ineffective inputs are lost.

Front 20

Describe LTP.

Back 20

Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a lasting increase in amplitude of the response of neurons caused by brief high-frequency stimulation of their afferents (tetanus). In the hippocampus, LTP depends on the activation of NMDA receptors, which induces an increase in the number of postsynaptic AMPA receptors and greater neurotransmitter release.

Front 21

What is Epigenetics?

Back 21

Factors that regulate gene transcription without altering gene sequence (Methylation)

Front 22

What occurs when the hippocampus shrinks?

Back 22

Memory deficits. This occurs as we age.