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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What occurred during Berthold's experiment and what did we learn from it? |
Testis were removed from 2 male chicks. One chick had one of the testes implanted into the abdomen. This chick grew into a normal rooster. However, did not display the appearance nor the behaviors of an adult rooster. This showed that chemicals, called hormones, were released from testis to give a rooster its characteristics and not a neural connection. |
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What is a hormone? |
A chemical secreted by an endocrine gland and regulates certain organs or tissues bia bloodstream |
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What are the various distances chemical signals can carry information? |
Local - synaptic transmission Regional (within body) - Endocrine signaling Long - Pheromone or Allomone signaling |
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Name 5 protein hormones. |
Insulin Oxytocin GnRH FSH LH |
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Name 4 amine hormones. |
Epinephrine Norepinephrine Thyroid hormones Melatonin |
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Name 5 steroid hormones. |
Estrogens
Progestins Testosterone Cortisol Mineralocorticoids |
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What are the major hormone systems in the body? |
1. Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonadal Axis(HPG)
---Reproductive related physiology andbehavior 2. Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis(HPA) ---Stress related physiology and behavior 3. Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Axis(HPT) ---Metabolic physiology and behavior |
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Describe the HPG Axis. |
Hypothalamus-->GNRH-->anterior pituitary-->LH &FSH-->gonads
In gonads, LH & FSHstimulate production ofgametes and sex steroidhormones (Androgens,Estrogen, Progesterone) |
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Describe the HPT Axis. |
Hypothalamus -->TRH-->anterior pituitary-->TSH-->Thyroid
Helps regulates metabolic processes |
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Describe the HPA Axis. |
Hypothalamus-->CRH-->anteriorpituitary-->ACTH-->adrenal glands
Release epinephrine and glicocorticoids |
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What is the process for the release of hormones in the anterior pituitary. |
1. Neuroendocrine cells producereleasing (RH) or inhibitoryhormone (IH) into portal system 2. RH/IH travel to anterior pituitary 3. Stimulates/Inhibits endocrine cellsto release tropic hormones intoblood stream |
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What is the function of the posterior pituitary? |
Does not produce hormones itself.
---Neurons in brain extend axons through area to contact blood vessels -------Paraventricular & Supraopticnucleus release vasopressinand oxytocin directly intoblood stream |
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What is an organizational effect? |
A permanent alteration of the nervous system, and thus permanent change in behavior, resulting from the action of a steroid hormone on an animal early in its development. |
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What is an activational effect? |
A temporary change in behavior resulting from the administration of a hormone to an adult animal.
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What affect did Androgen have on rats. |
Testosterone is an androgen. When the developing brain is exposed to androgens, the animal's brain is organized in a masculine fashion, so that, as an adult, it is ore likely to show malelike behaviors, and less likely to show femalelike behaviors. Organizational effect. |
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What do testosterone and estrogen do? |
Estrogen stimulates progesterone receptor production. Testosterone facilitates male copulation (coitus). Activational Effect |
