Neuro Test 3

Front 1

Where is the artery of Adamkiewicz/great meduallary artery and what does it supply?

Back 1

Left side L1, supplies distal anterior 2/3 spinal cord

Front 2

What are the signs and symptoms of anterior circulation disruption?

Back 2

Loss of pain and temperature, maybe LMN syndrome

Front 3

Anterior Cerebral Arteries supply...

Back 3

medial frontal and parietal lobes, corpus callosum

Front 4

Middle Cerebral Arteries supply...

Back 4

lateral frontal and parietal lobes, lenticulostriate artery

Front 5

Posterior Cerebral Arteries Supply...

Back 5

occipital lobe, most of brainstem, inferior portions of temporal lobe, posterior thalamus

Front 6

Lenticulostriate Artery supplies...

Back 6

posterior limb of internal capsule, thalamus, some portions of basal ganglia

Front 7

PICA comes off..

Back 7

Vertebral Artery

Front 8

AICA comes off...

Back 8

Basilar Artey

Front 9

Superior Cerebellar Artery comes off...

Back 9

Basilar Artery

Front 10

Anterior Cerebral Artery Stoke

Back 10

Contralateral motor and sensory deficits in LE and pelvis

Front 11

Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke

Back 11

Contralateral motor and sensory deficits of UE and lower half of face; Lesions on RIGHT parietal lobe= Left Hemineglect

Front 12

Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke

Back 12

Contralateral visual field disturbances, can involve brainstem=fatal (cv and respitory)

Front 13

Lacunar Infarcts

Back 13

Involve small portions of internal capsule, pure sensory or pure motor stroke, caused by high bp

Front 14

Watershed Infarcts

Back 14

occur due to LOW bp, some damage, not global; occur between anterior and middle cerebral arteries

Front 15

Subdural Hematoma

Back 15

bridging veins, elderly, babies, rapid deceleration

Front 16

Epidural Hematoma

Back 16

occurs with skull fracture that crosses line of meningeal artery, high pressure bleed between skull and dura=death

Front 17

Subarachnoid Bleed

Back 17

berry aneurysms, circle of willis, bleeding into CSF, happen on exertion

Front 18

Anterior Border of the Hypothalamus

Back 18

Anterior commisure, lamina terminalis, optic chiasm

Front 19

Medial border of the hypothalamus

Back 19

3rd ventricle

Front 20

Dorsal border of the hypothalamus

Back 20

hypothalamic sulcus

Front 21

Posterior border of the hypothalamus

Back 21

midbrain tegmentum

Front 22

Location of Median Eminence CVO

Back 22

In between ant. and post. lobes, in between infundibulum and mammillary body

Front 23

CVO'S TO KNOW

Back 23

Posterior Pituitary (Neurohypophysis)

Median Eminence (Tuber cinereum)

Front 24

Archiocortex

Back 24

3 layers- dentate gyrus and Ammon's Horn

Front 25

Paleocortex

Back 25

Transition from 3->6 layers, subiculum

Front 26

Neocortex

Back 26

6 layers- parahippocampal gyrus

Front 27

T or F: evidence of prior cortical injury increases the risk of developing epilepsy

Back 27

TRUE

Front 28

Outcome of Subthalamic Nuclei lesion

Back 28

Hemiballism

Front 29

Functions of Hypothalamus

Back 29

leader of autonomic nervous system
Homeostasis, emotional repsonse, hormones, behavior

Front 30

Function of Limbic System

Back 30

Emotional Expression, learning, memory, regulation of instinctual behaviors

Front 31

Hippocampal Formation Function

Back 31

Learning and memory

Front 32

Amygdala Function

Back 32

Behavior and Emotions

Front 33

Function of Cingulate Gyrus

Back 33

Perception of emotion, awareness of feelings

Front 34

Function of basal forebrain nuclei

Back 34

motivation, gratification, pleasure centers

Front 35

Function of Thalamus

Back 35

sensory/motor relay station, gateway to cortex

Front 36

Function of Pineal Gland

Back 36

Synthesize melatonin, responsible for biological rhythms

Front 37

Functions of Basal Ganglia

Back 37

1- motor function

2- cognitive and behavioral functions

Front 38

Ventral Anterior Nucleus

Back 38

globus pallidus, premotor cortex--> premotor cortex

Front 39

Function of Ventral Anterior Nucleus

Back 39

Motor

Front 40

Ventral Lateral Nucleus

Back 40

globus pallidus, motor cortex--> motor cortex

Front 41

Function of Ventral Lateral Nucleus

Back 41

Motor

Front 42

Ventral Posterior Lateral

Back 42

DCML, Anterolateral, Somatosensory cortex--> somatosensory cortex

Front 43

Function of Ventral Posterior Lateral Nucleus

Back 43

Somatic Sensation (body)

Front 44

Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus

Back 44

spinal and sensory nucleus of trigeminal, somatosensory cortex--> somatosensory cortex

Front 45

Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus

Back 45

Mammillary body, cingulate gyrus-> cingulate gyrus

Front 46

Function of Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus

Back 46

somatic sensory to FACE

Front 47

Function of Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus

Back 47

Limbic

Front 48

Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

Back 48

Retinal ganglion cells, visual cortex-> visual cortex

Front 49

Function of Lateral Geniculate Nuclei

Back 49

Vision

Front 50

Medial Geniculate Nuclei

Back 50

Inferior Colliculi, auditory cortex-> auditory cortex

Front 51

Function of Medial Geniculate Nuclei

Back 51

Hearing

Front 52

Pulvinar Nuclei (association nucleus)

Back 52

superior colliculus; temporal, occipital, parietal lobes--> temporal, occipital, parietal lobes

Front 53

Function of Pulvinar Nuclei

Back 53

Sensory Integration

Front 54

Reticular Nuclei (non-specific nucleus)

Back 54

Thalamic nuclei + cerebral cortex--> thalamic nuclei

Front 55

Function of Reticular Nuclei

Back 55

Braking mechanism, modulates thalamic activity

Front 56

Function of Medial Preoptic Nucleus
(hypothalamic nuclei)

Back 56

Regulates release of sex hormones

Front 57

Function of Anterior Nucleus of hypothalamus

Back 57

Regulates the release of heat from body
(if stimulated, increases parasympathetic activity)

Front 58

Function of Superchiasmatic Nuclei of Hypothalamus

Back 58

Input from retinal cells, mediates circadian rhythms

Front 59

Function of Paraventricular and Supraoptic Nuclei of Hypothalamus

Back 59

Produces ADH and oxytocin, regulates H2O balance

Front 60

Function of Posterior Nucleus of Hypothalamus

Back 60

Regulates the conservation of heat
(if stimulated, increases sympathetic activity)

Front 61

Function of Mammillary Body Nucleus of Hypothalamus

Back 61

Input from hippocampus, very important in limbic system

Front 62

Function of
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus

Back 62

Hypothalamic hormones released (releasing factors) to pituitary gland

Front 63

Basolateral Group in Amygdala

Back 63

Input from cortex and thalamus, large in humans

Front 64

Corticomedial Group in Amygdala

Back 64

Input from olfactory bulb, small in humans

Front 65

Central Nucleus in Amygdala

Back 65

Input from basolateral and corticomedial, output to brainstem, cortex, thalamus and hypothalamus to regulate visceral, motor, emotional repsonses)

Front 66

Fornix Pathway Precommissural Fibers

Back 66

Hippocampus -> basal forebrain

Front 67

Fornix Pathway Postcommissural Fibers

Back 67

Hippocampus-> mammillary bodies

Front 68

Amygdala --> hypothalamus and basal forebrain

Back 68

Stria Terminalis

Front 69

Habenula--> hypothalamus and basal forebrain

Back 69

Stria Medullares Thalamicas

Front 70

Brainstem and midbrain-->forebrain via hypothalamus

Back 70

Medial Forebrain Bundle

Front 71

Mammillary body--> Anteior Nucleus of thalamus

Back 71

Mammillothalamic Tract (E)

Front 72

Paraventricular + Supraoptic Tractaxons--> infundibulum and posterior pituitary

Back 72

Hypothalamohypophyseal Tract (E)

Front 73

Hypothalamus--> Anterior Pituitary via hypophyseal portal system

Back 73

Tuberoinfundibulum Tract (E)

Front 74

Bilateral destruction of the amygdala results in...

Back 74

Inability to recognize emotion of fear in pictures

Front 75

Bilateral destruction of temporal lobes, including amygdala, characterized by hyperorality, hypersexuality, visual agnosia, and personality changes towards passivity/docility

Back 75

Kluver-Bucy Syndrome

Front 76

If there is a unilateral lesion to frontal eye field, then...

Back 76

eyes deviate toward the side of the lesion at rest