Neuro Test 1

Front 1

Flaccid Dysarthria

Back 1

Lone tone

Front 2

Spastic Dysarthria

Back 2

high tone

Front 3

Ataxic Dysarthria

Back 3

dyscoordinated

Lesion in cerebellum or cerebellar pathways

Front 4

Hyperkinetic Dysarthria

Back 4

Extraneous Movements

Front 5

Hypokinetic Dysarthria

Back 5

Paucity of Movement

Front 6

Mixed dysarthria

Back 6

Combination of the other types

Front 7

Dysarthria will involve disorders of

Back 7

Respiration, phonation, articulation, resonance, and prosidy

Front 8

Hypertonic

Back 8

excessive

Front 9

Hypotonic

Back 9

inadequate

Front 10

Peripheral Nerve damage

Back 10

Flaccid Dysarthria

Front 11

Central Damage to upper motor neuron

Back 11

Spastic Dysarthria

Front 12

Cellabellar Damage

Back 12

Ataxic Dysarthria

Front 13

Basal Ganglia Damage

Back 13

Hyperkinetic

Front 14

Neuropathy

Back 14

A general term for any disease of the nerve (usually non inflammatory)

Front 15

Neuritis

Back 15

Inflammatory disorder of the nerve

Front 16

Peripheral Neuropathy

Back 16

Disorder of the peripheral nervous system

Front 17

Mononeuropathy

Back 17

neuropathy of a single nerve

Front 18

Polyneuropathy

Back 18

generalized processess producing widespread bilateral effects on the PNS (Often symetrical)

Front 19

Plexopathy

Back 19

involvement and the point where spinal nerves intermingle (Plexuses) before forming nerves

Front 20

myelitis

Back 20

Inflammation of the spinal cord

Front 21

mylopathy

Back 21

any pathologic condition of the spinal cord, usually from compression, toxic, or altered metabolic states.

Front 22

myopathy

Back 22

Muscle disease

Front 23

myositis

Back 23

inflammatory muscle disease

Front 24

neuralgia

Back 24

Pain severe and sharp along course of the nerve

Front 25

Percussion

Back 25

Taping something to get a feel for underlying structures

Front 26

Palpation

Back 26

Feeling the structure itself to percive tactile impression

Front 27

Tapotoment

Back 27

massaging with tips of fingers to stimulate a muscle

Front 28

arteriovenous malformation

Back 28

collection of arteries and veins that is abnormally formed. Can be enlarged due to weak walls. Creates symptoms due to mass

Front 29

stenosis

Back 29

narrowing

Front 30

necrosis

Back 30

death of tissue surrounded by living tissue

Front 31

Damage to the VII Facial Nerve will cause

Back 31

Facial palsy (remember that palsy is an old term for paralysis). This is typically unilateral (one sided), again because damage tends to be from trauma of one form or another. Damage to the VII facial will result in weakness on the affected side, which becomes apparent when you ask your client to smile, purse his/her lips, protrude lips, etc. You may also see a loss of the sense of taste for the anterior 2/3 of the tongue (on one side), because the VII facial mediates that sense

Front 32

Cerebellopontine angle tumor

Back 32

affects the VIII vestibulocochlear nerve, as well as the VII facial nerve by putting pressure on the brainstem

Front 33

three branches of the V trigeminal nerve

Back 33

ophthalmic nerve, maxillary, and mandibular nerves

The opthalmic and maxillary nerves are sensory in nature, and convey somatic sense for the upper and middle face

Front 34

What do the Three Branches of the V trigeminall nerve do?

Back 34

The opthalmic and maxillary nerves are sensory in nature, and convey somatic sense for the upper and middle face.

The mandibular branch is both motor and sensory, conveying mandibular somatic sensation (including tongue and teeth, but not taste!), as well as motor innervation for the muscles of mastication (and the tensor tympani and tensor veli-palatine)

Front 35

Lesions to the V trigeminal will result in

Back 35

nability to elevate the mandible, unilaterally or bilaterally.

Front 36

The IX glossopharyngeal nerve...

Back 36

is important for pharyngeal transit, as well as velar elevation and taste.

Front 37

Damage to the IX glossopharyngeal nerve...

Back 37

can affect swallowing by impairing unilateral contraction of the pharyngeal constrictors.

It also affects pharyngeal reflex for swallow, as well as taste for the posterior 1/3 of the tongue.

Front 38

X vagus is important to

Back 38

PHONATION

Front 39

Three branches of X vagus

Back 39

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN)-innervates all of the laryngeal muscles of adduction, tension, and relaxation (as well as cricopharyngeal function). A lesion to the RLN can result in flaccid paralysis (either unilateral or bilateral) of the vocal folds

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN)-is responsible for innervating the pitch-change mechanism. Reduced range of motion for F0 may be due to SLN damage.

Internal branch-The internal branch of the X vagus is responsible for elevation of the velum, as well as contraction of the musculus uvulae and the pharyngeal constrictors

Front 40

Effects of X lesion

Back 40

Flaccid dysphonia: flaccid dysphonia is the result of paralyzed vocal fold(s), which we are classifying as a component or type of flaccid dysarthria, The characteristics of flaccid dysphonia are:

Breathiness (adductor paralysis)

Laryngeal stridor (abductor paralysis)

Hypernasality (secondary to IX, X, XI complex)

Loss of vocal f0 range-This will arise from lesion to the superior laryngeal nerve

Front 41

Flaccid dysarthria general characteristics

Back 41

� Breathy
� Low vocal intensity
� Hypernasal
� Nasal emission
� Inhalatory stridor
� Short phrasing
� Imprecise consonants
� Monopitch
� Monoloudness
� Normal rate in diadochokinesis