Neuro- Taste And Olfaction

Front 1

CNs of Taste

CNs of Olfaction

Back 1

(5), 7, 9, 10

I

Front 2

what is the starting signal for both systems?

predominant receptor type

Back 2

chemical
chem-rec interaction

GPCR
-all GPCR in olfaction
-taste has GPCR and others

Front 3

buds and epithelia turnover

Back 3

continuously renewing

olfact epithel renew every 1-2 weeks

Front 4

Taste 'receptors'

Olfactory 'receptors'

Back 4

modified epithelial cells

actually REAL neurons

Front 5

Labled Line Theory

Back 5

transmits dfft sensory modalities

w/i these lines there are populations of neurons that transmit submodalities

Front 6

a single neuron early on in the brainstem will respond to?

when its in the spec secondary cortex?

Back 6

a lot of dfft submodalities

it will only respond to 1 submodality

Front 7

Taste/Olfaction feed into

Back 7

The Limbic System, especially the Amygdala

Front 8

Olfaction has connectsions to what?


perception of flavor is modif..

Back 8

1. parahippocampal gyrus
2. hippocampus
3. amygdala

by its emotional significance, relates back to the amygdala

Front 9

Taste is really...

Back 9

Flavor
multiple components: taste buds, olfact system, free nerve endings

Front 10

Taste Buds

3 types on ant 2/3rds

Back 10

1. Fungiform- mushrooms, all over
2. Foliate- in grooves on the side
3. Circumvallate- 'walled' in a V-shape

Front 11

what are the papillae in the middle of the tongue used for?

Back 11

touch, detect texture

villiform papillae

Front 12

each taste bud contains what?

Back 12

many taste cells

there are 2000-5000taste buds and 50-150 taste cells (?)

Front 13

chemicals for taste proceed...

Back 13

1. into the taste pore
2. forced into taste receptor

Front 14

what nerve innervates the ant 2/3rd of the tongue?

Back 14

chorda tympani
branch of CN VII

some of CN IX

Front 15

what does CN X do in the mouth/tongue?

Back 15

taste in the post 1/3rd
fxns in reflexes-vomiting

Front 16

is the taste map valid?

Back 16

NO
dfft parts of the tongue can detect dfft submodalities

Front 17

Solitary Nucleus...


this is the...

Back 17

rostral medulla
receives CNs from the mouth
-rec CN 7, 9, 10
*Principle Visceral Sensory Relay

Front 18

all Taste GPCR are coupled to?


depolarization results in what?

Back 18

ion channels. both result in depolarization

voltage-dependent Ca chan activation and entry of Ca
-causes NT release and stimulation of aff CN

Front 19

taste epithelial cells have a lot of what type of channel?

Back 19

calcium channels to generate huge signals

Front 20

Submodalities of Taste

Back 20

salty, sour, sweet, bitter, umami

Front 21

salty taste works via
acids(sour)
Umani
cAMP does what
IP3 does what

Back 21

depolarizatoin of Na chan
block outward K mvmt
Glu ion chan, or metabotrop rec
blocks outward mvt of K
intracellular K release

Front 22

once CN synapse in the Solitary Nuc, there is interaction w/...

Back 22

1. Reticular Formation- arousal
2. DMN of X- reflexes

Front 23

Rostral Pons has
VPM of thalmus
Primary Gustatory Cortex

Back 23

Parabrachial nuc-non humans
gustatory/olfactory ipsilateral
go to insula and frontal operc

Front 24

Orbitofrontal Cortex is important in what?

Back 24

Integration b/w Taste and Smell

projects to amygdala, hypothal, and striatum

Front 25

how are the responses dfft b/w cells in the solitary nuc and orbitofrontal cortex?

Back 25

orbitofrontal cortex is more selective and responds to spec submodalities

Front 26

Labled Line theory is incorrect for taste


Solitary Nucleus shows..

Back 26

each taste cell can detect dfft submodalities and pick up info from another taste cell

responses across many modalities

Front 27

CNI and the olfactory bulb are considered..


what are the olfactory rec considered?

Back 27

Part of the CNS, they do not leave the CNS like other CNs

REAL neurons- Bipolar olfactory rec neurons

Front 28

does smell have a Thalamic Relay?

Back 28

there is no relay going IN to the cortex

there is relay OUT of the cortex to other areas

Front 29

what is the process of olfactory trasduction?

Back 29

all GPCR--> gen cGMP
activates cGMP gated ion chan
leads to depolarization

Front 30

if the depolarization and AP are powerful enough where does it go in olfaction?

Back 30

to the olfactory bulb

Front 31

convergence of the epithelial cells

what happens in the glomerulus?

Back 31

1000s of bipolar epithel cells converget onto a Glomerulus

sorting of signals before goign to the olfact bulb

Front 32

CN I pathway
initial synapse?

possible termination

Back 32

synapses on Ant Olfact Nucleus
-inhibits contralat bulb
Olfactory tubercle (unknown function)

Front 33

3 Primary Olfactory Cortices



from cortices, project where?

Back 33

1. Piriform Cortex
2. Periamygdaloid Cortex
3. Parahippocampal Gyrus

amygdala and hippocampus

Front 34

orbitofrontal cortex is where

Back 34

Taste and Smell Converge
-->flavor

Front 35

Anosmia

Seizures starting in Parahippocampal gyrus or uncus

Back 35

loss of smell, not taste
-happens in PD

have bad smell/tastes before onset

Front 36

Rostral Medulla contains

Back 36

reticular formation
centers for reflex, arousal
DMN of X
Solitary nucleus(visc relay)

Front 37

Rostral Pons

Back 37

parabrach nuc (cerebellar peduncle) in non-primates

Front 38

VPM via

Back 38

cortical relay via Central tegmental tract

Front 39

what side are olfact and gustatory reflexes?

Back 39

ipsilateral

Front 40

Primary Gustatory Cortex consists of?

Back 40

1. Insula
2. Frontal Operculum

Front 41

The Orbitofrontal cortex projects to?

Back 41

1. amygdala
2. hypothalmus
3. Striatum

Front 42

Each Taste Cell is capable of....?


what does this imply?

Back 42

1. detecting multiple modalities
2. info from another taste cell


that the labled line theory is wrong

Front 43

would cells in the rostral medulla at the solitary nucleus respond broader than cells in the orbitofrontal cortex?

Back 43

yes they would respond to more modalities

Front 44

what is the relationship of the Thalmus to olfaction?

Back 44

NO thalamic relay on the way to cortex

does use Thalmus on way OUT of cortex

Front 45

what is found in the Glomeruli?


what converges here?

Back 45

a lot of the same submodalities of taste

about 1000bipolar epithel cells

Front 46

what happens to olfactory signals before they get to the olfact bulb?

Back 46

sorting in/before glomerulus

Front 47

Thalamic projections from piriform cortex and olfactory tubercle use what?

Back 47

Dorsomedial nucleus of the thalmus

Front 48

projections from the dorsomedial nucleus of thalmus go where?

Back 48

Orbitofrontal cortex

Front 49

accessory olfactory bulb can directly synapse where?

Back 49

amygdala