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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the difference between old phrenology new phrenology
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old phrenology was touching the back of the skull and thinking that you could tell what kind of a personality a person hatd not very credible
New phrenology scientists assign separate functions to cortical area very specific lots of areas work together |
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14 year old vietnamese girl had seizure can move right arm can't see to her left hard of hearing one month later she can not move her left arm what problem does she have
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Genetic problem that makes the cell body of the mitochondria stop making anticoagulants her blood cannot be thinned out many clots and strokes
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What is the neuron doctrine and who proposed it
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The neuron doctrine was proposed by Santiago ramón y cajal it said 2 statements the brain is composed of independent cells signal strength in from cell to cell across synapses essentially space exist
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Chris has a spinal cord injury playing football why is this bad what is a possible treatment discussed in class
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Spinal cord injury generally bad the nerves in your spinal cord cannot re grow possible treatment creating a no go antibody or no-go antagonists No Go is made by the neuron to prevent regrowth
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What age does a brain begin to shrink
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20 years old brain matter is getting smaller
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Out of the three divisions of the brain which regions do not change in size
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Midbrain and hindbrain
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What is a ridge in the cortex called
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A Gyruss
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What is the groove in the cortex called
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A sulcus empty space
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Which dermal layer does the brain and skin come from
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The ectoderm if you have a genetic disorder that affects the skin you can often time diagnose brain disorders from that
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How does the spinal cord and brain form
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Within the first month of pregnancy the brain plate rolls up to become a neural tube this becomes the spinal cord like in glass blowing one end is caped while the other uncaped end continues to expand
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The interior of the neural tube eventually the ventricular system develop into what system
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The ventricular system
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What is the order of normal neural development
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Neurogenesis cell migration differentiation synaptoGenesis neuronal cell death synapse rearrangement
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What is neurogenesis
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Precursor cells go through mitosis to form neurons in the ventricular zone
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What is the ventricular zone
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The ventricular zone is the place neurons are created and stay before the migrate similar to a nursery
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Most of the mitosis that Will give rise to the nervous system takes place in what layer
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ventricular zone
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when cells leave the ventricular zone what are 2 options they can become
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neurons or glial cells
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if neurogenesis goes wrong what is a possible result
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microcephaly the brain failed to make enough neurons if u make more neurons than u need not necessarily better
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cell migration
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cells move out from the ventricular zone to the final location
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what vells act as a guide during cell migration
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radial glial cells first born becomes rope other cells migrate from
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radial glial cells pay an important role in what stage development
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cell migration
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what is chemo affinity hypothesis
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each cell has a genetic identity that guides its development
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Purpose of chemo attractants and chemorepellants
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Chemo attractants are chemicals that attracts certain growth cones chemo repellent repel growth cones both are released by target cells help guide axons
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outgrowths of cones that adhere to local environment and pull cone in a particular direction
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filopodia and lamellipodia
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if cell migration goes wrong what results
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pachygyria, lissencephally and double band cortex radial glial cells bring neurons to wrong place incorrect migration like a tree once planted done
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double cortex syndrome is an example of what failure or normal what
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Migration
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after migrating to new position newly born cells undergo
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differentiation
when cells become distinctive neurons or glial cells astro cells can go back to being early progenitor cells |
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in differentiation if u have incorrect activation of certain cells like astrocytes what can result
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astrocytoma- most common tumor
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what is the process of induction
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the influence of one set of cells on the fate of nearby cells the notochord in releasing sonic hedgehog causes nearby atoms in the spinal chord to become motor neurons that is why the ventral side of ur spinal chord is for motor and side not influenced by shh dorsal sidebdeals with sensory info
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spinal chord cells are induced to develop as
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notochord
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