Neuro Quiz #2

Front 1

What are affarent neurons?

Back 1

incoming neurons

Front 2

What are effarent neurons?

Back 2

outgoing neurons

Front 3

What kind of neurons do cortical layers 3 and 5 have?

Back 3

effarent neurons

Front 4

This area controls emotional responses, drive, and memory

Back 4

Limbic Lobe

Front 5

What does the Limbic Lobe encircle?

Back 5

Diencephalon and Corpus Collosum

Front 6

The bridge between the two hemispheres

Back 6

Corpus Collosum

Front 7

What is contralateral?

Back 7

Opposite side

Front 8

What is Ipsilateral?

Back 8

Same side

Front 9

What is decussate?

Back 9

Cross over

Front 10

The brain is _________ innervated with the exception of _______ and _______

Back 10

Contralaterally, taste, smell

Front 11

The Limbic Lobe is AKA

Back 11

Smell brain

Front 12

The Limbic Lobe includes the most primitive cortex (phylogenetically oldest) called...

Back 12

Rhinencephalon

Front 13

The old brain is relatively _______ in animals while the Cerebral hemisphere is _______ developed than in humans.

Back 13

larger, less

Front 14

The Cerebral Hemisphere is AKA

Back 14

Neocortex

Front 15

The Limbic System structures have many connections among themselves as well as to the _______ and to the ________ structures

Back 15

Hypothalamus, Neocortical

Front 16

The connections in the ______ _____ helps shape behavioral reactions to sensory input through analysis, reaction and remembrance of stimuli, situations, reactons, and results.

Back 16

Limbic area

Front 17

__________ and __________ pathways cross the midline

Back 17

somatosensory, corticospinal

Front 18

corticospinal pathway is the pathway from ______ to ______

Back 18

cortex, spine

Front 19

left hemisphere controls the ___________ or the right face/oral tract.

Back 19

musculature

Front 20

the Corticospinal neurons are AKA

Back 20

motor neurons

Front 21

axons of primary affarents and lower motor nerons, cerebellum, auditory input are projected __________ to brainstem, thalamus, and cerebral cortex.

Back 21

bilaterally

Front 22

Olfactory,taste, and some visceral pathways are __________

Back 22

uncrossed

Front 23

Oralmotor regions are more ventral in the __________ ______

Back 23

Somatosensory Cortex

Front 24

The brain is ___________ organized

Back 24

Topographically

Front 25

sensory and motor maps are _________

Back 25

contralateral

Front 26

Sensory or motor maps representing the body are called

Back 26

Somatotopy

Front 27

If someone has a right hand deficit they have a lession in the ______ hemisphere

Back 27

left

Front 28

brainstem includes what three structures?

Back 28

Medulla, Pons, Midbrain

Front 29

Communication within the brain occurs via _________ axons -- ________ matter

Back 29

myelinated, white

Front 30

what are association fibers?

Back 30

connect cortical areas within the hemisphere

Front 31

association fibers are the basis of _______ networks

Back 31

Cortical

Front 32

there are ______ association fibers and _______ association fibers.

Back 32

Short, long

Front 33

Short association fibers are AKA

Back 33

U-shaped arcuate fibers

Front 34

Short association fibers connect areas around the ______

Back 34

Sulcus

Front 35

Long association fiber bundles connect

Back 35

different lobes of the brain

Front 36

which way do projection fibers travel

Back 36

up and down

Front 37

Descending fibers concentrated in the internal capsule form a fan-like structure as fibers leave the cortex is called

Back 37

Corona Radiata

Front 38

the Coronal Radiata has all _______ matter tracts

Back 38

white

Front 39

the old term for Medulla is...

Back 39

Bulb

Front 40

__________ __________ is composed of anterior limb, posterior limb and genu

Back 40

Internal Capsule

Front 41

________ ______ contains corticothalmic and thalamocortical fibers (thal-fontal, limbic cingulate gyrus)

Back 41

Anterior limb

Front 42

The site for corticobulbar fibers that descend to innervate cranial nuclei

Back 42

Genu

Front 43

The genu is important for ______ _______ processes

Back 43

Speech motor

Front 44

_______ _______ Contains the corticospinal fibers that project to spinal motor neurons

Back 44

Posterior limb (of the internal capsule)

Front 45

_______ _______ connects corresponding or homologous cortical areas in both hemispheres

Back 45

Commissural Fibers

Front 46

______ _____ _______ pass through the rostrum, genu and anterior body of the Corpus Collosum

Back 46

Frontal lobe fibers

Front 47

Parietal lobe fibers pass through the _______ _______

Back 47

Corpus Collosum

Front 48

_______ commissure connect inferior and medial temporal gyri and olfactory areas

Back 48

Anterior

Front 49

_______ commissure connects midbrain and diencephalon structures

Back 49

Posterior

Front 50

the _________ is below the Thalamus and is separated by the _________ ______ of the 3rd ventricle.

Back 50

hypothalamus, hypothalamic sulcus

Front 51

________ is a major visceral Center of the brain and is involved in the limbic system functions.

Back 51

Hypothalamus

Front 52

the hypothalamus is critical to __________ and _________ function

Back 52

autonomic, endocrine

Front 53

__________ controls rage, aggression, and escape behavior as well as regulating body temperature, food and water intake, and sexual and sleep behavior

Back 53

Hypothalamus

Front 54

What structure has neural control over the pituitary gland, which releases hormones involved in bodily functions

Back 54

Hypothalamus

Front 55

what is the Basal Ganglia composed of?

Back 55

Caudate Nucleaus, putamen, globus pallidus, substantia nigra (pars compacta, pars reticulata), subthalamic nucleus.

Front 56

_______ ______ and _______ are grounded and called the striatum

Back 56

caudate nucleus, putamen

Front 57

The output of the ______ ______is usually projected to the thalamus, brainstem reticular formation, the superior colliculus and cortical motor areas in the frontal lobe

Back 57

Basal ganglia

Front 58

what are the functions of the Basal Ganglia?

Back 58

-coordination/sequencing
-voluntary movement
-initiates speech motor programs

Front 59

what are two disorders associated with Basal ganglia dysfunction? define each

Back 59

Parkinsons Diseasse- degeneration of Pars compacta of the substantia nigra. leads to reduced avilability of dopamine--hypokinesia or reduced motor movements

Huntington's Chorea-damage in BG reduces excitatory input--decreased input to thalamus, abnormal increase in involuntary movements.

Front 60

______ _______ come down through pyramids and decussate

Back 60

Motor Neurons

Front 61

most cranial nerves come out in the ________

Back 61

brainstem (medulla)

Front 62

the Midbrain is AKA

Back 62

mesencephalon

Front 63

the midbrain is associated with the ______ (superior an inferior colliculi), _____ _____ (sometimes called cerebral peduncle) ________

Back 63

Tectum, crus cerebri, tegmentum

Front 64

the _____ _____ contains corticospinal fluid, corticobulbar, corticopontine fibers descending to the spine. Also is associated with the brainstem.

Back 64

Crus cerebri

Front 65

_________ contains all ascending and many of the descending systems of the spinal cord or lower brainstem

Back 65

tegmentum

Front 66

____ is the bridge to the cerebellum

Back 66

pons

Front 67

________ is a massive rounded structure that serves as part of a connection to the cerebellar hemispheres

Back 67

pons

Front 68

Median fissure is present on the ________ surface

Back 68

anterior

Front 69

________ _________ is formed by the crossing over of motor fibers traveling from the precentral gyrus to the spinal cord

Back 69

pyramidal decussation

Front 70

what are the 3 cerebellar peduncles

Back 70

Inferior, median, superior

Front 71

Spinal cord has internal _____ matter

Back 71

gray

Front 72

_______ neuron carries information in spinal cord, _______ neurons carries information back out ventrally.

Back 72

sensory, motor