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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the order of the Spinal Cord Segments?
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- Cervical
- Thoraic - Lumbar - Sacral |
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How many segments are there in the Cervical section of the Spinal Cord?
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8 (C1-C8)
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How many segments are there in the Thoraic section of the Spinal Cord?
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12 (T1-T12)
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How many segments are there in the Lumbar section of the Spinal Cord?
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5 (L1-L5)
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How many segments are there in the Sacral section of the Spinal Cord?
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5 (S1-S5)
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What is gray matter
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The portions of the brain that are made up of largely neuronal cell bodies (and capillary blood vessels)
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What is white matter
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The portion of the brain made up of tracts of axons that extend from one section of the brain to another
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What are the Ventricles?
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They are the four spaces within the brain that are filled with CerebroSpinal Fluid.
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What does Superior or Dorsal mean?
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Above
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What does Anterior or Rostral mean?
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In front of
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What is the order of the Spinal Cord Segments?
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- Cervical
- Thoraic - Lumbar - Sacral |
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How many segments are there in the Cervical section of the Spinal Cord?
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8 (C1-C8)
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How many segments are there in the Thoraic section of the Spinal Cord?
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12 (T1-T12)
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How many segments are there in the Lumbar section of the Spinal Cord?
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5 (L1-L5)
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How many segments are there in the Sacral section of the Spinal Cord?
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5 (S1-S5)
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What is gray matter
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The portions of the brain that are made up of largely neuronal cell bodies (and capillary blood vessels)
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What is white matter
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The portion of the brain made up of tracts of axons that extend from one section of the brain to another
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What are the Ventricles?
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They are the four spaces within the brain that are filled with CerebroSpinal Fluid.
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What does Superior or Dorsal mean?
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Above
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What does Anterior or Rostral mean?
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In front of
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What does Posterior mean?
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behind
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What does Ventral mean?
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below
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What does Lateral mean?
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to the side
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What does Medial mean?
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to the inside/middle
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Where is the Coronal view looking from?
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From the front of the face as though standing in front of the person.
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Where is the Sagittal view looking from?
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In front of the person if they were looking to the side (looking at their ear)
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Where is the horizontal view looking from?
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Down as though looking down at the top of the person's head.
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What does Ipsilateral mean?
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on the opposite side
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What does Contralateral mean?
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one on each side
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What does Bilateral mean?
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one lying on each side
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What does Proximal mean?
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close to one another
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What does distal mean?
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far from one another
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What does Afferent mean?
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carries messages TOWARD a structure
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What does Efferent mean?
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Carries messages AWAY from a structure
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When terms begin with 'A' (e.g. Agraphia) what does it usually signify?
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there has been a loss of something
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When terms begin with 'Dys...' (e.g. Dyslexia) what does it usually signify?
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there has been a partial loss of something
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How many Spinal segments in total?
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30
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What does the Dorsal root nerves do?
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Bring information to the CNS (Spinal Cord)
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What do the Ventral root nerves do?
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Carry information from CNS (Spinal Cord) to the muscles
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What 3 parts make up the Brain Stem?
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The Diencephalon
The Midbrain The Hindbrain |
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What are the 3 parts of the Brain Stem that Janet covered in class?
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Medulla Oblongata
Pons Midbrain |
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What is the Diencephalon made up of?
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3 Thalamic Structures:
- Thalamus - Epithalamus - Hypothalamus |
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What is the role of the Thalamus?
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Functions as a relay station - all information that goes to the cortex is relayed through the Thalamus.
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How is the Thalamus structured?
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It is made up of a number of nuclei that project to different areas of the cortex.
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What is the role of the hypothalamus?
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Takes part in nearly all motivated behaviour, including feeding, sexual behaviour, sleeping, temperature regulation, emotional behaviour, endocrine function and movement. It also contains the Pituitary Gland.
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What role does the epithalamus?
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Not well understood.
Holds the Pineal Body which seems to regulate seasonal body rhythms. |
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What is the role of the pons?
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Holds nuclei of some of the cranial nerves - plays part in some mediation of orienting behaviours.
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How serious is damage to the Medulla Oblongata?
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Fatal
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Where does the pons sit?
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Above the Medulla Oblogata
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What is the role of the Hindbrain?
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Important for fine coordinated movements, and learing of skilled movements. E.g balance, orientations, etc.
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Of the Diencephalon, Midbrain and Hindbrain, what part is the Cerebellum a part of?
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The hindbrain
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What is the role of the Cerebellum?
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A role in coordination and learning of skilled movement (eg piano playing, running, etc)
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What would a Dorsal view of the brain look like?
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From the top, as though looking down on top of the head
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What would a Lateral view of the brain look like
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From the side, as though looking at their ear
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What would a ventral view of the brain look like?
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From below, as though looking up through the esophagus
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What would a medial view of the brain look like?
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From the middle, as though someone has sliced into the brain, cutting off half of it, so you can see the middle. you can probably get medial views from all angles.
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How many cell layers are there in the cortex?
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6
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What do each of the cell layers do?
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Layers 5-6 are the Output layers - They send projections to the spinal cord.
Layer 4 is the Input Layer - it recieves axons from the sensory system Layers 1, 2, 3 are the Association Cell Layers - they receive input mainly from layer 4 |
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What are the 3 different types of Cortical Connections Fibres and what do they do?
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- Association Fibres - link cells within the same area of the cortex (same lobe)
- Commisural Fibres - link areas between hemispheres - Projection Fibres - travel long distances, e.g. other sides of the brain (occipital to frontal) |
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What is the Basal Ganglia?
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a collection of nuclei that form a circuit with the cortex.
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What collection of nuclei does the Amygdala belong to?
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Basal Ganglia
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