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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most common reason for clinical presentation of priary brain tumors:
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MASS EFFECTS!
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3 mass effects of brain tumors:
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-Seizures
-Dementia -Focal lesions |
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What DON'T primary brain tumors usually do?
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DON'T usually METASTASIZE
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Majority of adult primary brain tumors are:
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SUPRAtentorial
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Majority of child primary brain tumors are:
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INFRAtentorial
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What are HALF of adult brain tumors actually?
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METS - metastases
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What are the 5 most common ADULT primary brain tumors in decreasing order of incidence?
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GMSOP
-Glioblastoma multiforme -Medulloblastoma -Schwannoma -Oligodendroglioma -Pituitary adenoma |
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So the most common primary brain tumor in adults is:
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Glioblastoma multiforme!
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What is the other name for Glioblastoma multiforme? Prognosis? Life expectancy?
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Grade IV Astrocytoma
-POOR prognosis - very grave! -<1 year life expectancy |
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Where in the brain are Glioblastomas found?
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Cerebral HEMISPHERES
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What are the tumors like in Glioblastoma multiforme?
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Infiltrative, not well circumscribed with central areas of necrosis and hemorrhage
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What do the cells look like?
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Pseudopalisading
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What is it called when a Glioblastoma crosses the corpus callosum?
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Butterfly glioma
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What stain will be positive in Glioblastoma multiforme?
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GFAP! These are ASTROCYTES! Glial cells
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What is the 2nd most commonest primary brain tumor in adults? Location?
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Meningioma - CONVEXITIES of hemispheres and PARASAGITTAL regions
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What is the cell of origin of Meningiomas? Border? Prognosis?
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Origin = ARACHNOID cells - EXTERNAL to the brain!
Well circumscribed Good prognosis - resectable. |
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What is the hallmark cell feature and finding in Meningiomas?
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-SPINDLE cells in WHORLED pattern
-PSAMMOMA BODIES |
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What are Psammoma bodies?
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Laminated calcifications
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What is the 3rd most common primary brain tumor in adults?
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Schwannoma
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Where are schwannomas commonly localized?
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8th nerve - infratentorial, grows from the 8th nerve nucleus in pontine tegmentum! Acoustic schwannoma
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Prognosis of schwannomas?
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Good - resectable
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What disease has BILATERAL ACOUSTIC SCHWANNOMA
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Neurofibromatosis type 2!!! Has 2 schwannomas
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What is the 4th most common, thus RARE, primary tumor in the adult brain?
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Oligodendroglioma
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Where are oligodendrogliomas most commonly found?
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Frontal lobe
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What are the HALLMARK cell appearances and finding in Oligodendroglioma?
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-FRIED EGG round nuclei w/ clear cytoplasm
-Calcifications |
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What is the most common form of pituitary adenomas in adults?
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Prolactinoma
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What are 2 common sequelae in Prolactinomas due to their mass effects?
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-Bitemporal hemianopia - pressure on optic chiasm
-Hyper or Hypopituitarism |
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What is a Pituitary adenoma derived from?
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Rathke's pouch
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What are the 5 most common CHILDHOOD primary brain tumors in decreasing order of inncidence?
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1. Pilocytic Astrocytoma
2. Medulloblastoma 3. Ependymoma 4. Hemangioblastoma 5. Craniopharyngioma |
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Acronym for Adult primary brain tumors:
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Good men satisfy other people
-glioblast multiforme -meningioma -schwannoma -oligodendroglioma -pituitary adenoma |
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Acronym for childhood brain tumors:
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poor men eat healthy chips
-Pilocytic astrocytoma -Medulloblastoma -Ependymoma -Hemangioblastoma -Craniopharyngioma |
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So the most common primary brain tumor in Childhood is:
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Pilocytic astrocytoma - low grade
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What is the tumor like in pilocytic astrocytomas? Most common location in children?
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DIFFUSELY INFILTRATING
-Posterior fossa |
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Despite being infiltrative what is the prognosis like in Pilocytic astrocytoma? Why?
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Good prognosis
It is benign - low grade; high grade glioblastoma is malignant |
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Classic hallmark finding in Pilocytic astrocytomas:
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Rosenthal fibers
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What are ROSENTHAL FIBERS?
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Eosinophilic Corkscrew fibers
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2nd most common childhood primary brain tumor:
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Medulloblastoma
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How does Medulloblastoma compare to Pilocytic astrocytoma? Location?
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HIGHLY MALIGNANT
CEREBELLAR TUMOR |
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What is Medulloblastoma a form of?
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PNET
-Primitive neuroectodermal tumor |
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Why is Medulloblastoma so malignant?
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It often compresses the 4th ventricle causing HYDROCEPHALUS
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Classic histologic pattern of cells of Medulloblastoma:
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Rosettes or Perivascular Pseudorosettes
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Treatment for Medulloblastoma:
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RADIatioN - it is radiosensitive
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3rd most common childhood prim brain tumor:
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Ependymoma
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Ependymoma
-derived from -where -prognosis |
Derived from Ependymal cells
4th ventricle poor prognosis - hydrocephalus |
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2 hallmark histologic findings in Ependymomas:
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-Perivasc Pseudorosettes
-Rod shaped BLEPHAROPLASTS |
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What are BLEPHAROPLASTS and where are they seen?
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Basal ciliary bodies in the ependymal cells of ependymomas - seen near the nucleus
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4th most common tumor in childhood brain:
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Hemangioblastoma
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Where are hemangioblastomas most often located? What are these associated with?
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-Cerebellar
-Von Hippel Lindau syndrome |
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What causes cerebellar hemangioblastomas to be found in Von Hippel Lindau?
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First finding RETINAL ANGIOMAS
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2 classic histologic findings in Hemangioblastomas:
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-Foamy cells
-High vascularity |
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What is an additional common finding in Hemangioblasomas?
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2ndary POLYCYTHEMIA VERA - they produce EPO
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Least common prim brain tumor in children:
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Craniopharyngioma
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Where are Craniopharyngiomas?
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SUPRAtentorial
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What is a common finding in craniopharyngiomas, and what is this derived from?
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-Calcification
-Derived from remnants of Rathke's pouch |
