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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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name first sx AD
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loss recent memory, then loss of longterm memory and other intellectual
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anatomic changes AD
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-generalized cerebral atrophy esp frontal, hippocampal
-NF tangles,CTX -neuritic (senile) plaques CTX, hippo, amyg -granulovacuolar degeneration hippo -amyloid angiopathy Hirano bodies decr neurons in nu baslais of Meynert |
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picks dz, present, anatom
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progressive dementia more common in women
cerebral atrophy w gliosis and loss cortical neurons exp temporal and frontal pick bodies in some cells, esp in horn of Ammon |
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anatomic changes in HD
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atrophy, neuronal depletion, gliosis of caudate nuclei, putamen and frontal
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anatomic changes in PD
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neuronal depletion and depigment of cells in SN and locus, ceruleus
Lewy bodies |
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ALS clinical present
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middle aged men, rapidly progressive UMN and LMN leading to death from respir failure
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anatomic ALS
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degen of lateral CS and anterior motor neurons of SC
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neuritic plaques
what dz made of |
AD
amyloid Abeta peptide, usu in cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala |
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genetics of familial AD
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APP chrom 21 codes for amyloid precursor-linked familial AD
presenilin1 (chrom 14), presenilin2 (chrom 1) |
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genetics of idio AD
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e4 allele of ApoE chromo 19 seen more in AD
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Wernicke triad
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confusion, ataxia, ophthalmoplegia
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NT problem in AD
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low Ach
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NT in PD
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decr DA of Corpus Striatum
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NT in HD
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decr GABA, cholinergic
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genetic HD
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CAG trinucleo rpt (normal 11-34) HD (chrom 4). paternal transmission incr # rptd
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how lacunar stroke present
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motor OR sensory deficit (focal)
motor-IC sensory-thal |
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how HTN cause intracranial hemorr?
where occur? |
form Charcot-Bouchard aneuryisms most often in BG/thal, also pons, Cb, frontal lobe white
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MC place for emboli
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MCA
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how infarction brain characterized histol
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liquef necrosis leading to cysst formation
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rabies histol
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perivascular accum of mono, Negri bodies in hippocampus and purkinje of Cb
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Kuru
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prion dz transmitted by ritual ingestion of brain by cannibals in New Guinea, spongiform encephalopathy with Cb degen
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CJ
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potl hazard working w brain, (Creutsfeldt-Jakob)transmitted by corneal transplant?, mad cow dz beef,
ataxia, rapid progressive dementia, early death |
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PML
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usu caused by JC polyoma type Parvo. rapidly progressive mltpl foci demyelination seen in immune defic pts
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haplotypes assoc MS
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HLA A3, B7, DR2, DW2
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Charcot triad
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"classic" presentation MS: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech
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MS where are lesions
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only CNS, likes paraventricular areas
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Guillan Burre
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acute inflam demyelin often after virus, immun, allergic rxn. ascending motor wknss and paralysis. albumin-cytologic dissoc of CSF increased protein w only sl incr cell ct
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CSF in MS
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multiple oligonal bands
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Werdnig Hoffmann dz
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presents at birth as floppy baby w tongue fasciculation
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tau protein
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think AD
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cauda equina syn
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sensory saddle shape unilateral radicular pain, unilateral mscl atrophy and loss DTR quad and ankle
gradual onset |
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conus medullaris syn,
cause? |
sensory bilateral saddle shaped, pain bilateral not severe, incontinence sex dysfxn,
sudden onset usu intramedullary tumor |
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ventral artery occlusion
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gets everything except DC
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syringomyelia
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gets VWS, and ventral horns (LMN flaccid paralysis)
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subacute combined degen (B12)
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gets DC, CS, and SC
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sx Brown-Sequard
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at lesion: ipsi loss all sensation
below: ipsi motor paralysis and spast ipsi loss DC contra pain |
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glioblastoma histol
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pseudopallisading with central necrosis, hemorr
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glioblastoma epidemio, px
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MC neoplasm of adults, px<1y
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glioblastoma location
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cerebral hemi, can cross CC, overall infiltrative w unclear border
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meningioma, origin, location, px
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from arachnoid cells, see around dura, 2nd MC adult neuro neo,
px: resectable! |
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histol meningioma
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psammoma (spindle cells in whorls)
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schwannoma, location, histol
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CN8 (bilateral in NF2)
Antoni A=compact pallisading Antoni B=loose pattern |
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presentation, location, px oligodendroglioma
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(rare) present with sz, usu it's in the frontal, and is slow growing benign
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histol oligodendroglioma
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fried egg, often calcified
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location ependymoma
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arround ventricle met via CSF, well circumscribed,
has incr ICP |
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Cb pontine angle tumor damages what
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CN V, VII, VIII, Cb
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majority child neuro tumors
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infratemp, P fossa
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pilocytic astro-descrip, location
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benign, diffusely infiltrating glioma in P fossa (usu Cb)
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characteristic histol pilocytic
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Rosenthal fibers
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medulloblastoma-epidemio, descrip, px
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seen in children, it's a form of PNET in Cb, can compress 4thV lead to hydroceph. highly malignant but radiosensitive
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name common adult neuro tumors
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Glioblastoma
Meningioma Schwannoma Oligodendroglioma Pit adenoma Ependymal |
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common child neuro tumors
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pilo astro
medulloblast ependymoma hemangioblastoma craniopharyngioma |
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histol of medulloblast
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Rosette, perivascular pseudo rosette
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common present ependymoma in children
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4th v causing hydrocephalus
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craniopharyngioma, epidemio, present, px, origin
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MC, benign, can cause bitemp hemianopia, often calcified, from Rathke
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compare cauda equina syn w conus medullaris
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cauda equina is unilateral, gradual onset, and doesn't involve incontinence of sex dysfxn
conus medullaris is bilateral, sudden onset, w incontinence and sex dysfxn |
