Neuro Part 7

Front 1

radiculopathy =

Back 1

damage to nerve root, often due to compression


=> pain, motor and sensory deficits

Front 2

neuropathy =

Back 2

dysfunction of peripheral nerve

=> numbness or weakness

Front 3

primary symptom of myopathy =

Back 3

weakness

Front 4

myotonia =

Back 4

delayed relaxation after contraction

Front 5

4 features of myopathy, in general:

Back 5

1. atrophy

2. calf hypertrophy

3. Gower's sign (walk up with hands)

4. many small signals together, on EMG

Front 6

troublesome gene in DMD and BMD =

Back 6

dystrophin,

which nly protects muscle cells from degradation

Front 7

2 similarities between DMD and BMD:

Back 7

1. X-linked => boys

2. both can develop cardiomyopathy

Front 8

***differences b/w DMD and BMD:***

(3)

Back 8

1. DMD = (near) LACK of dystrophin, BMD = not enough

2. DMD hits hard 2-3 yrs old, BMD up to 5-15 yrs old

3. BMD tends to have asymmetrical atrophy

Front 9

Myotonic MD = m.c. form of muscular dystrophy; features:

(2)

Back 9

1. AD

2. ~~trinucleotide repeats

Front 10

***signs of MMD:***

(5)

Back 10

1. frontal balding

2. temporalis muscles shrink

3. cataracts

4. dec. intelligence

5. myotonia

Front 11

2 Inflammatory myopathies:

Back 11

1. Dermatomyositis

2. Polymiositis

(both with subacute onset - main difference is that Poly has Pain)

Front 12

4 features of DRM:

Back 12

1. **PROXIMAL** muscle weakness with elevated CK

2. general skin rash

3. Heliotrope rash

4. associated with ***malignancy*** (esp. people over 50) => screen

Front 13

Heliotrope rash =

Back 13

purple rash over the upper eyelids

Front 14

5 features of PolyM:

Back 14

1. *Symmetric* PROXIMAL muscle weakness

2. Females > Males

3. CK *markedly* elevated

4. **pain** with weakenss

5. Responds well to immunotherapy

Front 15

MG =

Back 15

AB's against ACH ***r's***

= post-synaptic dz

Front 16

features of MG:

(4)

Back 16

1. fatigable weakness

2. => ptosis/eye gets stuck in one place

3. **Amp. decrement on EMG**

4. assoc. with thymomas

Front 17

treatment of MG =

(3)

Back 17

1. Pyridostigmine,
(ACHE **inhibitor**)

2. immunotherapy

3. IV Ig and plasmapheresis for MG crisis (so weak they can't move)

Front 18

**SE's of Pyridostigmine:**

(4)

Back 18

1. miosis

2. diaphoresis

3. GI issues

4. muscle weakness if too much

Front 19

5 features of Botulism:

Back 19

1. Presynaptic; keeps ACH from being released

2. Toxin produced by clostridium bact.

3. ***Descending paralysis***

4. Pupillary involvement

5. **Amplitude increment** on repetitive nerve stimulation

Front 20

"floppy baby" ~~

Back 20

baby with Botulism because it was given honey

Front 21

Wallerian degeneration =

Back 21

separation and therefore degeneration of axon from neuron cell body,

as a result of nerve fiber injury

Front 22

Gaullien-Barre Syndrome =

Back 22

acute-onset, AB's against ***PNS***

Infection → AB to myelin → inflammation → degrade myelin → ↓ motor/sensory/autonomic function

- due to Campylobacter (GN rod) or CMV

Front 23

***4 features of GB Syndrome:***

Back 23

1. preceded by gastroenteritis from which pt recovers

2. ascending paralysis

3. EARLY loss of DTR's

4. requires mech. ventilation at the end of many weeks, though most survive

Front 24

Leprosy =

Back 24

invasion of Schwann cells by Mycobacterium leprae

=> demyelination/remyelination, loss of both myelinated and unmyelinated axons

=> loss of pain fibers in extremities

Front 25

VZV causes shingles; features:

(3)

Back 25

1. ~~PNS *ONLY*

2. ~~ reactivation (first inf. = chickenpox)

3. => painful, vescicular skin eruption in dermatomes (m.c.ly thoracic or trigeminal)

Front 26

m.c. cause of death in DMD =

Back 26

respiratory failure

Front 27

DMD ~~ elevated:

Back 27

CK

Front 28

DMD biopsy shows:

Back 28

muscles of various diameters

Front 29

3 causes of granulomatous inflam:

Back 29

1. TB (caseating)

2. Crytococcus

3. sarcoid