Neuro Part 4 - Factoids

Front 1

hydrocephalus is a common consequence of:

Back 1

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 2

new neurological deficits several days after hemorrhage are a sign of:

Back 2

hydrocephalus

Front 3

uncal herniation typically compresses:

Back 3

CN 3

Front 4

3 symptoms of nl Pressure hydrocephalus of elderly:

Back 4

1. wet (incontinence)

2. wobbly

3. wacky (AMS)

Front 5

lumbar disk herniations occur postero-laterally due to presence of:

Back 5

posterior longitudinal ligament

Front 6

which blood vessel/location are most commonly involved in epidural and subdural hemorrhages?

Back 6

1. middle meningeal artery of temporal side

Front 7

**in the elderly, subdural hemorrhage can be:**

Back 7

***subacute and WITHOUT trauma***

Front 8

since intracerebral hemorrhage tends to affect the BG or thalamus, you should expect to see:

Back 8

motor dysfunction and/or sensory deficits

Front 9

risk factors for stroke =

Back 9

all the CV ones, plus age, male, ethnicity, genetics

Front 10

interventions for ischemic stroke:

(2)

Back 10

1. aspirin

2. more serious: TPA (potent clot buster)

Front 11

interventions for hemorrhagic stroke:

(1)

Back 11

1. reverse warfarin so that you don’t bleed out (warfarin prevents clotting – you give FFP, Vit K to re-establish clotting)

Front 12

pharmacologic intervention to prevent future TIAs:

Back 12

aspirin

Front 13

aspirin:

(3)

Back 13

1. nonselective COX blocker

2. => antiinflammatory

3. irreversibly binds COX1 and 2

Front 14

PICA supplies:

Back 14

L medulla, which includes 8-10

Front 15

AICA supplies:

Back 15

L caudal pons

otherwise the Basilar supplies the pons

Front 16

PCA supplies:

Back 16

midbrain (CN 3, motor tracts in the cerebral peduncles)

Front 17

Meyer’s loop = inferior radiations, =>

Back 17

superior visual field (specifically, RUQ’s of both visual fields

Front 18

Remember, internal capsule is NOT thalamus; CS tract does NOT:

Back 18

go through the thalamus

Front 19

brain dead =

Back 19

**irreversible** loss of all brain functions, INCLUDING those of the BS, manifested by coma, absence of BS reflexes, and apnea,

with KNOWN cause of death

Front 20

Blood is _________ on CT

Back 20

white

Front 21

80% of subArachnoid hemorrhages are caused by:

Back 21

rupture in Berry aneurysm

***Even still, VERY FEW Berry aneurysms rupture***

Front 22

4 true facts about Berry aneurysms:

Back 22

a) 5–15% occur in the posterior circulation
b) they occur at arterial bifurcations (i.e. branch points)
c) they are likely to cause vasospasm 4–9 days after rupture
d) associated with ADPKD, Marfan’s , other hereditary dz’s

Front 23

Most common vessel ruptured in subdural hematoma =

Back 23

bridging veins within the arachnoid space

Front 24

Triad of shaken baby syndrome =

Back 24

1. subdural hematoma

2. retinal hemorrhages

3. encephalopathy

Front 25

blood from subdural hematoma is hyperdense (white) when the hematoma is “acute” (< 1 week old) and becomes:

Back 25

hypodense (darker than tissue) as the hematoma becomes “chronic” (> 4 weeks old)

At the intermediate stage between acute and chronic, the blood passes through isodense (“subacute subdural hematoma”; 1–4 weeks old) - difficult to distinguish from the adjacent normal brain tissue.

Front 26

contusion goes hand-in-hand with:

Back 26

Diffuse Axonal Injury

Front 27

Axonal spheroid histology ~~

Back 27

DAI so diffuse that it easily affects BS

=> coma

Front 28

common complication of contusions =

Back 28

sez’s,

because disorganization/loss of white matter scrambles circuits

Front 29

mcc cause of Intracranial Hemorrhage (ICH) in adults =

Back 29

HTN

Front 30

mcc of ICH in elderly =

Back 30

amyloid angiopathy

Front 31

mcc of ICH in children =

Back 31

A-V malformation

Front 32

T1-MRI:

(2)

Back 32

1. dark water/edema

2. light tissues

Front 33

T2 MRI:

(2)

Back 33

1. white water

2. dark tissues

Front 34

epidural hematoma shape =

Back 34

lens

Front 35

if temporal trauma, epidural or subdural hematomas will be caused by rupture of:

Back 35

middle meningeal artery

Front 36

shape of subdural hematoma =>

Back 36

crescent

Front 37

subdural hematomas occur WITHOUT:

Back 37

known trauma in the elderly

Front 38

Head trauma can cause diffuse punctate intracerebral hemorrhage;

Back 38

since intracerebral hemorrhage tends to affect the BG or thalamus, you should expect to see motor dysfunction, or sensory deficits (perhaps some weakness too)

Front 39

“Worst headache of life” =

Back 39

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 40

Risk factors for stroke =

Back 40

all the CV ones, plus age, male, ethnicity, genetics

Front 41

pharmacologic interventions for treatment of stroke =

Back 41

aspirin;

for ischemic stroke, TPA (potent clot buster)

Front 42

treatment if hemorrhagic stroke:

Back 42

reverse warfarin so that you don’t bleed out (warfarin prevents clotting)

give FFP, Vit K to re-establish clotting

Front 43

pharmacologic interventions used to prevent future TIAs:

Back 43

aspirin

Front 44

hyperacusis in CN 7 palsy is mediated by weakness of:

Back 44

the stapedius muscle

Front 45

cough due to stimulation of the ear canal is mediated through the:

Back 45

vagus nerve

Front 46

Aminoglycoside antibiotics cause:

Back 46

ototoxicity

-e.g. Gentamicin, other -mycins

Front 47

Otitis Externa in a diabetic pt =

Back 47

Necrotizing/Malignant OE

- caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa