Neuro Part 13

Front 1

Somatoform disorders in general =

Back 1

a group of emotional disorders that manifest as physical symptoms, suggesting organic pathology

***people with Somatoform disorders are NOT lying - they truly believe they have physical problems***

Front 2

5 kinds of Somatoform Disorder:

Back 2

1. somatization disorder

2. conversion disorder

3. hypochondriasis

4. body dysmorphic disorder

5. pain disorder

Front 3

Somatization disorder =

Back 3

A multi-year history of:

pain in 4 locations

2 GI symptoms,

one sexual symptom, and

one neurological symptom,

all physically UNexplainable,

beginning before age 30

Front 4

Conversion disorder =

Back 4

the sudden, dramatic **loss of neurological function** (either motor or sensory), triggered by a psychological stressor

e.g. a woman getting married in the near future finds that she is suddenly unable to move her legs

(Perhaps because conversion symptoms decrease the individual’s anxiety about the life stressor that provokes them, patients with conversion disorder typically appear relatively unworried about their serious symptoms, a phenomenon known as la belle indifference)

Front 5

6 symps of Conversion Disorder:

Back 5

1. paralysis that shifts to different areas of the body

2.pseudoseizures (sez's that do not have an identifiable neurological basis),

3. globus hystericus (lump in the throat)

4. paresthesias (abnormal sensations)

5. anesthesias (loss of sensation, often inconsistent with anatomic innervation)

6. visual problems

Front 6

Hypochondriasis =

Back 6

***at least 6 months'*** preoccupation with having a serious illness that persists despite negative medical tests and reassurance

Front 7

Body Dysmorphic disorder =

Back 7

a preoccupation with an imagined problem with one's appearance NOT attributable to anorexia nervosa

Front 8

Pain disorder ~~

Back 8

protracted, intense pain



not adequately explained by physical causes but closely associated with psychological stress

Front 9

Primary gain =

Back 9

the offloading of emotion via a somatoform disorder

i.e. use of somatization to avoid dealing with an unacceptable emotion

- an internal motivator that is unconscious

Front 10

Secondary gain =

Back 10

a/t extra to the offloading of that emotion, e.g. attn or care by others

Front 11

features of eating disorders:

(4)

Back 11

1. NORMAL appetites

2. use of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, purging

3. excessive engagement in sports

4. hypokalemia/cardiac arrhythmias

Front 12

Anorexia =

Back 12

Body weight < 85% of nl /
BMI < 17.5

OR

failure to gain weight during expected growth period

+ disturbance in body image

+ **3 consecutive missed periods**

Front 13

treatment for anorexia:

(4)

Back 13

1. REFEED

2. treat other symps (e.g. depression)

3. CBT

4. get bone density studies, EKG, chem-7

Front 14

Bulimia nervosa =

Back 14

recurrent episodes (at least twice weekly for at least 3 months) of binge eating combined with purging or hypergymnastia

(can be purging or non-purging)

Front 15

signs of Bulimia Nervosa:

(4)

Back 15

1. erosion of front teeth by gastric acid

2. parotid gland inf.

3. calluses on the knuckles (Russell's sign)

4. near-nl body weight

Front 16

anorexia nervosa =

Back 16

when a pt has the essential features of anorexia but also binges and purges

Front 17

cyproheptadine (an antihistamine) may help to increase:

Back 17

appetite

Front 18

what class of drug can decrease appetite?

Back 18

amphetamines

Front 19

Personality Disorders =

Back 19

personality traits that => *personal distress or impairment of social function*

- categorized in clusters (B = Bad, C = Sad)

Front 20

Cluster A =

Back 20

PD's characterized by

**unusual actions/social withdrawal**

Front 21

3 examples of Cluster A PD's:

Back 21

1. Paranoid

2. Schizoid

3. Schizotypal

Front 22

features of Schizoid Personality Disorder:

(3)

Back 22

1. voluntary withdrawal from others

2. restricted emotions/affect

3. NO psychosis

**doesn't WANT friends - doesn't need 'em**

Front 23

features of Schizotypal Personality Disorder:

(2)

Back 23

1. ODD behavior, thought patterns

2. NO psychosis

Front 24

Cluster B =

Back 24

PD's characterized by

**inconsistent/dramatic/emotional behavior**

Front 25

4 examples of Cluster B PD's:

Back 25

1. Histrionic

2. Antisocial

3. Narcissistic

4. Borderline

Front 26

5 features of Histrionic Personality Disorder:

Back 26

1. attention-seeking

2. sexually provocative

3. emotional

4. vain

5. unable to keep intimate relationships

Front 27

features of Antisocial Personality Disorder:

(4)

Back 27

= conduct disorder of kids




1. dishonest

2. disinterested in social norms

3. lack of empathy

4. = conduct disorder of kids

Front 28

Narcissistic Personality Disorder ~~ sense of:

(2)

Back 28

superiority and entitlement

Front 29

features of Borderline Personality Disorder:

(4)

Back 29

1. erratic mood

2. fear of abandonment

3. self-injury/suicide attempts

4. impulsive

Front 30

treatment for Borderline PD =

Back 30

DBT (dialectic behavior therapy)

(~~logic)

Front 31

Cluster C =

Back 31

PD's characterized by

**fear or anxiety**

Front 32

3 examples of Cluster C PD's:

Back 32

1. Avoidant

2. OCPD

3. Dependent PD

Front 33

features of Avoidant Personality Disorder:

(4)

Back 33

1. timid

2. withdrawn

3. **sense of inferiority**

4. **sensitive to rejection**

Front 34

4 features of OCPD:

Back 34

1. orderly

2. perfectionist

3. stubborn

4. inefficiency

Front 35

2 features of Dependent Personality Disorder

Back 35

1. low confidence/self-esteem

2. seeks others to decide for them

Front 36

Passive-Aggressive PD is:

Back 36

NOT otherwise specified (NOS)

- doesn't fall into a cluster

Front 37

treatment of PD's:

(2)

Back 37

1. drugs NOT effective for PD

2. but used if concurrent depression or anxiety

Front 38

Factitious disorder =

Back 38

feigning or inducing symptoms for unconscious gain

(e.g. you don't recognize it, but you desire attn.)

Front 39

Factitious disorder by proxy =

Back 39

inducing or claiming an illness in another person for unconscious gain

(I can't do it, my mom is sick)

Front 40

Malingering =

Back 40

producing or pretending to have some symptom with a specific gain in mind

- compare to Factitious, in which the the benefit is not consciously recognized

Front 41

The difference between factitious disorder and malingering is that in factitious disorder,

Back 41

seeking the gain is unconscious, while in malingering, the person is completely aware of what they’re doing

Front 42

laparoscopy =

Back 42

fiber-optic instrument to view the organs in the abdomen or to permit a surgical procedure.

Front 43

BMI greater than 27 =>

Back 43

bariatric surgery