Neuro: Organization And Division Of The Ns

Front 1

what are the components of the brain stem (inferior to superior)

Back 1

medulla
pons
midbrain

Front 2

where is the diencephalon located?

Back 2

b/w the cerebral hemispheres and the brainstem

Front 3

what ventralized the spinal cord?

Back 3

SHH

Front 4

what is a funiculus?

Back 4

column or segment of white matter (ex: dorsal funiculus)

Front 5

what is the fxn of the dorsal funiculus?

Back 5

carries sensory info to the brain

Front 6

what is the name and fxn of the medial part of the dorsal column?

Back 6

Fasiculus gracilis- carries sensory info from below T6

Front 7

what is the name and fxn of the lateral part of the dorsal column?

Back 7

fasiculus cuneatus- sensory info from above T6

Front 8

what is the remnant of the hollow center from the neural tube in the spinal cord?

Back 8

central canal

Front 9

components of the forebrain

Back 9

telencephalon- cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia

diencephalon- thalamus, hypothalamus

Front 10

what is the name of the protrusion that connects the thalamus between the 2 lobes? where is it?

Back 10

thalamic adhesion
diencephalon

Front 11

what is the name is the jxn between the spinal cord and medulla? medulla and pons? pons and midbrain?

Back 11

cervicomedullary
pontomedullary
pontomesencephalic

Front 12

what forms the 3rd ventricle?

Back 12

wall of the diencephalon

Front 13

what connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles?

Back 13

cerebral aquaduct

Front 14

where is the 4th ventricle located?

Back 14

dorsal to the pons (and medulla), ventral to the cerebellum

Front 15

what divides the frontal and temporal lobes?

Back 15

lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure)

Front 16

what is an area concerned with speech and which lobe is it located in?

Back 16

Wernicke's
temporal lobe

Front 17

what would be a possible result of stroke in the left precentral gyrus?

Back 17

motor problems on the right side; NO paralysis just wekaness because only affected upper motor neurons

Front 18

how could you explain paralysis on the left side on the body?

Back 18

damage to lower motor neurons on the LEFT (no crossover)

Front 19

what is the calcarine sulcus? why is this landmark important?

Back 19

runs rostral to caudal through occipital lobe; visual cortex lies along the bank of the calcarine sulcus

Front 20

what is the limbic system involved with? where is it located?

Back 20

emotion, learning, memory; cingulate gyrus on the medial side of the hemisphere above the corpus callosum

Front 21

describe (roughly) the homunculus

Back 21

pre and postcentral gyri;
lateral to medial: face, arm, trunk, leg

Front 22

what is the name of the region that contains homunculus leg/feet?

Back 22

paracentral lobule

Front 23

describe the different fxns of the gyri in the temporal lobe

Back 23

superior- auditory
inferior- face recognition
medial?

Front 24

what are the regions of the inferior frontal gyrus and what is their importance?

Back 24

anterior to posterior:
1.pars orbitalis
2.pars triangularis
3.pars opercularis
2,3 considered Broca's area; usually on left in most ppl; stroke in this area leads to broca's aphasia and trouble articulating sentences

Front 25

where is the region concerned with spatial orientation?

Back 25

right parietal lobe

Front 26

what is the septum pellucidum?

Back 26

covers lateral ventricles

Front 27

why is the paracentral lobule of clinical significance besides the fact that it is a continuation of the motor and somatosensory cortex?

Back 27

has a different blood supply than the rest of the motor and somatosensory cortex regions

Front 28

where is the pineal body?

Back 28

on the dorsal surface;
dorsal to thalamus
superior to colliculi

Front 29

what is the general fxn of the colliculi and where are they located?

Back 29

in dorsal midbrain (just dorsal to cerebral aquaduct)
important in sesory (visual, auditory) reflexes

Front 30

what is the uncus and why is it important?

Back 30

medial region in cortex (temporal)
can be pushed against midbrain, causing damage to CN III (dilated, fixed pupil)

Front 31

where does CNIII emerge?

Back 31

off ventral midbrain (antennas on mickey)

Front 32

where are the mamillary bodies?

Back 32

ventral
diencephalon

Front 33

what is the dark region in the midbrain demarcating micket's ears?

Back 33

substantia nigra
(parkinson's)

Front 34

what is the most medial part of the medulla?

Back 34

pyramids

Front 35

what CN is between the inferior olive and the pyramids?

Back 35

CN XII (tongue; imp to determine severity of lesion)

Front 36

where does is CN II?

Back 36

diencephalon

Front 37

which CN does not protrude ventrally?

Back 37

CN IV

Front 38

which CN is at the medulla/pons border?

Back 38

VI

Front 39

which CN comes off at the lateral edge of the pons?

Back 39

V

Front 40

what is the facial colliculus?

Back 40

2 bulges made of fiber bundles from CN VII; within the area of the 4th ventricle

Front 41

what connects the cerebellum to the brainstem?

Back 41

cerebellar peduncles
superior, middle, inferior

Front 42

where are the colliculi?

Back 42

seen from dorsal view
at midbrain

Front 43

what is the corticospinal tract?

Back 43

axons of upper motor neurons that terminate in the spinal cord when they synapse on lower motor neurons or interneurons

Front 44

what do most upper motor neurons synpase on?

Back 44

98% synapse on interneurons
2% on LMN